1. Chapter V Incomes and Social Benefits

2. I. Incomes Conditions in Britain 1. The standard working week is between 35 and 40 hours, five days, Monday to Friday. 2. Offices and shops are open from 9 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. 3. The principle of equal pay for equal work has been accepted in the public services, but the situation needs to be improved. 4. A wage-earning worker earns less than a salary-earner.salary-earner

3. 5. British people should pay the state two things: National Insurance and Income Tax. 6. The wages in Britain are rather high, but things cost more because Britain imports many foodstuffs and other things. the living standard is high.

4. II. Income and Expenditure 1. Income sources: Earnings, social security benefits/ tax credits and interest on investments and pensions 2. Income and expenditure conditions: People spend much more on communication and recreation and culture. Income and debt are not equally distributed across the UK population.

5. Household income vary greatly by family type. Household disposable income vary across the country. The possession of the nation’s wealth is uneven. The real salaries vary with people of different possessions.

6. III. Pensions 1. Occupational Pension: A private pension scheme run by some employers and is known as a works pension, company pension or superannuation. Occupational pensions are paid on top of any basic State Pension that people may earn.

7. 2. Person Pension: private pension Provided by pensions companies and intended to give a second pension to help people have a secure retirement. These pensions can be paid as well as the basic state pension and can be used to contract out of the Additional State Pension.

8. 3. State Pension: It is paid to entitled people who claim it having reached State Pension age. It is based on National Insurance contributions and it is made up of different elements. People can get the State Second Pension. No long-term Incapacity Benefit Age Addition is payable. People can get increased State Pension for the husband, wife or civil partner.

9. 4. Pension Credit: An entitlement for people aged 60 or over living in Great Britain. Extra money for every week 5. Over 80 Pension: Non-contributory pension for people aged 80 or over with little or no State Pension

10. 6. Stakehoulder Pension: Low-charge pension bought from a commercial financial services company They must satisfy a minimum of government standards to ensure they offer value for money and flexibility.

11. 7. Minor pensions: Widow’s benefit Maternity benefit War benefit Applying for social benefit Almost every British citizen is prevented from financial hardship. Welfare State

13. Wages-earner & salary-earner Wage means a payment usually of money for labour or services according to contract and on an hourly, daily or piecework basis, so the wage-earning workers are paid weekly, usually getting their wages handed to them in cash. Salary means a fixed compensation periodically, usually monthly paid for regular work, thus salary earners are paid once a month or less frequently, by cheques handed to them or paid into their bank accounts.