1. © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Chapter 1 Ecology of the Child

2. © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. The more things change, the more they remain the same. Alphonse Karr

3. © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Ecology, Change, and Children

4. © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Human Ecology Involves biological, psychological, and cultural contexts The contexts of development help define human processes that develop over time, such as – Perceptions – Learning – Individual and group behavior

5. © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Human Ecology The biological, psychological, social, and cultural contexts in which a developing person interacts and the consequent processes that develop over time.

6. © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Socialization and Child Development

7. © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Socialization The process by which individuals acquire the knowledge, skills, and character traits that enable them to participate as effective members of groups and society

8. © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Socialization Unique to humans Reciprocal and dynamic Socialization occurs through interaction with significant others by means of communication in emotionally significant contexts

9. © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Intentional Socialization Socialization in which values are consistently conveyed, and backed up with approval for compliance negative consequences for noncompliance

10. © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unintentional Socialization Socialization that takes place spontaneously without the deliberate intent to impart knowledge or values

11. © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Socialization, Change and Challenge

12. © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Socializing Agents Children are socialized by many people. Socializing agents change their practices or views over time in reaction to, or as a result of, societal change.

13. © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Childhood: Historical Perspectives The Renaissance Development of the Printing Press The Industrial Revolution Childhood Today

14. © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Socialization in an Ecological Context

15. © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Theory An organized set of statements that explains observations, integrates different facts or events, and predicts future outcomes Bronfenbrenner’s Bioecological Model

16. © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

17. © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Microsystem Activities and relationships with significant others experienced by a developing person in a particular small setting Examples are family, school, peer group, and community

18. © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Mesosystem Linkages and interrelationships between two or more of a person’s microsystems

19. © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Exosystem Settings in which children do not actually participate, but which affect them in one of their microsystems

20. © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Macrosystem The society and subculture to which the developing person belongs, with particular reference to belief systems, lifestyles, patterns of interaction, and life changes

21. © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Low-Context Macrosystem Progress RationalityPracticalityCompetitionIndividuality

22. © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. High-Context Macrosystem Tradition IntuitivenessEmotionalityCooperation Group Identity

23. © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Chronosystem Temporal changes in ecological systems or within individuals, producing new conditions that affect development

24. © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Contemporary Ecology

25. © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Contemporary Ecology Biotechnology Societal vs. individual responsibility Information technology Globalism/nationalism Shifts in decision-making responsibility Information intermediaries