1. An individual’s unique and relatively consistent patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving

2. Personality

3. Sigmund Freud’s theory of personality, which emphasizes unconscious determinants of behavior, sexual and aggressive instinctual drives, and the enduring effects of early childhood experiences on later personality development

4. Psychoanalysis

5. A psychoanalytic technique in which the patient spontaneously repots all thoughts,feelings, and mental images as they come to mind

6. Free association

7. In Freud’s theory, a term used to describe thoughts, feelings, wishes, and drives that are operating below the level of conscious awareness

8. Unconscious

9. In Freud’s theory, the completely unconscious, irrational component of personality that seeks immediate satisfaction or instinctual urges and drives; ruled by the pleasure principle

10. Id

11. In Freud’s theory, the motive to obtain pleasure and avoid tension or discomfort; the most fundamental human motive and the guiding principle of the id

12. Pleasure Principle

13. In Freud’s theory, the part of personality that mediates the demands of the id without going against the restraints of the superego Follows the reality principle

14. Ego

15. In Freud’s theory, one’s conscience; focuses on what the person “should” do.

16. Superego

17. Unconscious mental processes employed by the ego to reduce anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality.

18. defense mechanisms

19. Puts anxiety-producing thoughts, feelings, and memories into the unconscious mind

20. Repression

21. Shifts an unacceptable impulse toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person

22. Displacement

23. Defense mechanism that involves redirecting sexual urges toward productive, socially acceptable, nonsexual activities

24. Sublimation

25. Allows an anxious person to retreat to a more comfortable, infantile stage of life

26. Regression

27. Replacing an unacceptable wish with its opposite

28. Reaction Formation

29. Reducing anxiety by attributing unacceptable impulses or problems about yourself to someone else

30. Projection

31. Displaces real, anxiety-provoking explanations with more comforting justifications for one’s actions

32. Rationalization

33. In Freud’s theory, age related developmental periods in which the child’s sexual urges are expressed through different areas of the body and those activities associated with those areas

34. Psychosexual stages

35. In Freud’s theory, a child’s unconscious desire for the opposite-sex parent, usually by hostile feelings toward the same-sex parent

36. Oedipus complex

37. Stage where pleasure comes from chewing, biting, and sucking.

38. Oral

39. Gratification comes from bowel and bladders functions.

40. Anal

41. Psychosexual Stage that… Focus of pleasure shifts to the genitals Sexual attraction for opposite sex parent Child identifies with and tries to mimic the same sex parent to learn gender identity.

42. Phallic Stage

43. Psychosexual Stage where… Sexuality is repressed due to intense anxiety caused by Oedipus complex Children participate in hobbies, school, and same-sex friendships that strengthen their sexual identity

44. Latency Stage

45. In this Psychosexual Stage… Incestuous sexual feelings re-emerge but being prohibited by the superego are redirected toward others who resemble the person’s opposite sex parent. Maturation of sexual interests

46. Genital Stage

47. In Jung’s theory, the hypothesized part of the unconscious mind that is inherited from previous generations and that contains universally shared ancestral experiences and ideas.

48. collective unconscious

49. In Jung’s theory, the inherited mental images of universal human instincts, themes, and preoccupations that are the main components of the collective unconscious Examples: powerful father, nurturing mother, witch, wise old man, innocent child, death & rebirth, etc…

50. Archetype

51. The theoretical viewpoint on personality that generally emphasizes the inherent goodness of people, human potential, self- actualization, the self-concept, and healthy personality development

52. Humanistic Psychology

53. In Roger’s theory these are the set of perceptions and beliefs that you hold about yourself

54. Self-concept

55. in Roger’s theory, the sense that you will be valued and loved only if you will behave in a way that is acceptable to others

56. Conditional positive regard

57. In Roger’s theory, the sense that you will be valued and loved even if you don’t conform to the standards and expectations of others

58. Unconditional Positive Regard

59. Bandura’s theory of personality, which emphasizes the importance of observational learning, conscious cognitive processes, social experiences, self- efficacy beliefs, and reciprocal determinations

60. Social Learning theory

61. A relatively stable, enduring predisposition to consistently behave in a certain way

62. trait

63. A theory of personality that focuses on identifying, describing, and measuring individual differences

64. Trait Theory

65. Personality characteristics or attributes that can easily be inferred from observation behavior

66. surface traits

67. The most fundamental dimension of personality; the broad, basic traits that are hypothesized to be universal and relatively few in number

68. Source traits

69. A trait theory of personality that identifies five basic source traits as fundamental building blocks of personality Extra-version, Neuroticism Agreeableness Conscientiousness Openness to experience

70. Five-Factor Model of Personality

71. A type of personality test that involves a person’s interpreting an ambiguous image; used to assess unconscious motives, conflicts, psychological defenses, and personality trait Inkblot tests are examples of these.

72. Projective test

73. Austrian physician who broke up with Sigmund Freud and developed his own psychoanalytical theory of personality, which emphasized social factors and the motivation toward self-improvement and self-realization; key ideas include inferiority complex and superiority complex

74. Alfred Adler

75. Contemporary American psychologist who is best known for his research on observational learning and his social learning theory of personality

76. Albert Bandura

77. British-born American psychologist who developed a trait theory that identifies 16 essential source traits or personality factors; also developed the widely used self-report personality test, the sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire

78. Raymond Cattell

79. German-born British psychologist who developed a trait theory of personality as neuroticism, extraversion, and psychoticism Said there were 3 different source traits

80. Hans Eysenek

81. Austrian neurologist who founded psychoanalysis, which is both a comprehensive theory of personality and a form of psychotherapy; emphasized the role of unconscious determinants of behavior and early childhood experiences in the developmental of personality and psychological problems; key ideas include id, ego, and superego; the psychosexual stages of development; and the ego defense mechanism

82. Sigmund Freud

83. German-born American psychoanalysist who emphasized the rule of social relationships and culture in personality; sharply disagreed with Freud’s theory characterization of female psychological development, especially his notion that women suffer penis envy; key ideas include basic anxiety

84. Karen Horney

85. Swiss psychiatrist who broke with Sigmund Freud to develop his own psychoanalytical theory of personality, which stressed striving toward psychological harmony; key ideas include the collective unconscious and archetype

86. Carl G. Jung

87. American psychologist who was on of the founders of humanistic psychology and emphasized the study of healthy personality development; developed a theory of motivation based on the idea that people will strive for self-actualization, the highest motive, only after more basic needs have been met

88. Abraham Maslow

89. Developed theory of personality and form of psychotherapy that emphasized the inherent worth of people, the innate tendency to strive for one’s potential, and the importance of the self-concept on personality development

90. Carl Rogers

91. Studied the English dictionary and found more than 4,000 words describing specific personality traits. Assumed traits are inherited and fixed in the nervous system.

92. Gordon Allport

93. Theorist who said your body type determines your personality

94. William Sheldon

95. Two Learning Theorists who said: External factors shape our behaviors and personality. Our personality is molded by reinforcements given to us.

96. John B. Watson B.F. Skinner

97. Cultures where people define themselves according to their personal identity & give priority to personal goals.

98. Individualism

99. Cultures where people define themselves according to the group they belong to. Their goals are the goals of the group.

100. Collectivism

101. Process of adapting to a new or different culture.

102. Acculturation