1. FAO of the UN Library and Documentation Systems Division Nordic AOS Workshop Copenhagen February 03 A Comprehensive Framework for Building Multilingual Domain Ontologies: Creating an ontology on Food Safety, Animal and Plant Health (OFsAPH) Boris Lauser Nordic AOS Workshop: Copenhagen28 th February 2003

2. FAO of the UN Library and Documentation Systems Division Nordic AOS Workshop Copenhagen February 2003 Agenda Introduction: –Why: The Biosecurity Portal Project –How: The modeling approach Framework for ontology creation Application of framework: –Creation of the Food Safety Ontology Outlook: –Application scenario Discussion Introduction Framework Application Outlook Discussion

3. FAO of the UN Library and Documentation Systems Division Nordic AOS Workshop Copenhagen February 2003 The IP-FsAPH International Portal on Food Safety, Animal and Plant Health access point for official national and international information on biosecurity interdisciplinary approach integrated access to information in the 3 areas global public access controlled access to nationally nominated users Currently available on: http://193.43.36.96/servlet/CDSServlethttp://193.43.36.96/servlet/CDSServlet Introduction Framework Application Outlook Discussion

4. FAO of the UN Library and Documentation Systems Division Nordic AOS Workshop Copenhagen February 2003 The IP-FsAPH International Portal on Food Safety, Animal and Plant Health Introduction Framework Application Outlook Discussion Provides access to large amounts of data, coming from various resources from all over the world Need to make this data available and searchable through the portal Realization by exposing metadata Need for controlled, commonly agreed on subject vocabulary Integration of an ontology to provide the necessary controlled vocabulary and semantics which can be explored for enhanced information retrieval

5. FAO of the UN Library and Documentation Systems Division Nordic AOS Workshop Copenhagen February 2003 Introduction Framework Application Outlook Discussion KAON The Karlsruhe Ontology and Semantic Web Tool Suite KAON is an open-source ontology management infrastructure Major Components: OIModeler: tool for ontology creation and evolution KAON Portal: a web based portal for browsing KAON ontologies KAON API: a programming API to access the ontology independently from any storing mechanism Engineering Server: ontology storage mechanism based on relational databases to provide concurrent access and scalability Text-To-Onto:Semiautomatic ontology creation using text mining techniques Freely available on: http://kaon.semanticweb.orghttp://kaon.semanticweb.org

6. FAO of the UN Library and Documentation Systems Division Nordic AOS Workshop Copenhagen February 2003 Introduction Framework Application Outlook Discussion The Generic RDFS model:

7. FAO of the UN Library and Documentation Systems Division Nordic AOS Workshop Copenhagen February 2003 The KAON modeling approach Introduction Framework Application Outlook Discussion The KAON lexical model extension:

8. FAO of the UN Library and Documentation Systems Division Nordic AOS Workshop Copenhagen February 2003 Introduction Framework Application Outlook Discussion Agenda Introduction: –Why: The Biosecurity Portal Project –How: The modeling approach Framework for ontology creation Application of framework: –Creation of the Food Safety Ontology Outlook: –Application scenario Discussion

9. FAO of the UN Library and Documentation Systems Division Nordic AOS Workshop Copenhagen February 2003 The framework A comprehensive framework for building a domain ontology Focus: Concept acquisition and development of the lifecycle of ontology creation Introduction Framework Application Outlook Discussion

10. FAO of the UN Library and Documentation Systems Division Nordic AOS Workshop Copenhagen February 2003 The framework: 5 phases Resource selection Semiautomatic ontology concept acquisition –Creation of a core ontology from scratch –Reuse of existing vocabularies Merging of ontologies Extension and refinement Evaluation Introduction Framework Application Outlook Discussion

11. FAO of the UN Library and Documentation Systems Division Nordic AOS Workshop Copenhagen February 2003 Core ontology Manual creation Focused Web crawling List of domain start web pages List of frequent terms List of domain Specific documents Term BT t1 NT t2 RT t3 Term USE t3 … Thesaurus RDFS ontology model convert Ontology pruning and learning algorithm Domain corpus Generic corpus Pruned ontology List of critical concepts Manual creation of core ontology 1 st acquisition approach 2 nd acquisition approach Text To Onto The Framework: overview Introduction Framework Application Outlook Discussion

12. FAO of the UN Library and Documentation Systems Division Nordic AOS Workshop Copenhagen February 2003 Introduction Framework Application Outlook Discussion Agenda Introduction: –Why: The Biosecurity Portal Project –How: The modeling approach Framework for ontology creation Application of framework: –Creation of the Biosecurity Ontology Outlook: –Application scenario Discussion

13. FAO of the UN Library and Documentation Systems Division Nordic AOS Workshop Copenhagen February 2003 Manual creation of core ontology Application of the framework: 1 st iteration Introduction Framework Application Outlook Discussion 1 st iteration

14. FAO of the UN Library and Documentation Systems Division Nordic AOS Workshop Copenhagen February 2003 Phase 1: Selection of Resources/ Manual creation of core ontology 67 concepts 91 relationships Information Resources: Brainstorming Codex Alimentarius SPS Agreement Core Ontology Ontology Editor (OIModeler) 3 subject specialists Introduction Framework Application Outlook Discussion 1 st iteration

15. FAO of the UN Library and Documentation Systems Division Nordic AOS Workshop Copenhagen February 2003 Phase 2: 1 st Acquisition Approach: Focused Crawling Focused Web Crawling 68 concepts 91 relationships Core Ontology List of extracted main sites: http://www.foodsafety.gov/ Gateway to Government Food Safety Information http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/ Center for Food Safety & Applied Nutrition http://www.inspection.gc.ca/ Canadian Food Inspection Agency http://www.extension.iastate.edu/foodsafety/ Iowa State University - Food Safety Project http://www.foodsafety.iastate.edu Iowa State University - Food Safety Consortium http://www.fsis.usda.gov/ United States Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service http://www.nal.usda.gov/foodborne/index.html Foodborne Ilness Education Information Center http://www.euro.who.int/foodsafety World Health Organization – Regional Office for Europe Food Safety Programme List of 257 food Safety domain web pages Grouping into Main sites Introduction Framework Application Outlook Discussion 1 st iteration

16. FAO of the UN Library and Documentation Systems Division Nordic AOS Workshop Copenhagen February 2003 Selection of Documents Domain Set: Manual selection –11 documents Codex Alimentarius: Description, Code of Ethics, Food Hygiene, Food Import and Export Report of consultation on risk assessment of microbiological hazards in foods Ensuring food quality and safety, Protecting food quality and safety Domain Set: Focused Crawler Output –5 documents extracted: http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/; http://www.inspection.gc.ca/; http://www.foodsafety.iastate.edu; http://www.extension.iastate.edu/foodsafety/; http://www.euro.who.int/foodsafetyhttp://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/http://www.inspection.gc.ca/ http://www.foodsafety.iastate.edu http://www.extension.iastate.edu/foodsafety/ http://www.euro.who.int/foodsafety Generic documents: Manual Selection –8 documents www.nytimes.com Several documents of the animal feed domain Introduction Framework Application Outlook Discussion 1 st iteration

17. FAO of the UN Library and Documentation Systems Division Nordic AOS Workshop Copenhagen February 2003 Phase 2: 2 nd Acquisition Approach: Thesaurus Pruning Food Safety Documents Generic Documents Rice BT … NT … RT … RT … RT … … AGROVOC 27365 keywords Automatic Pruning Extracted ontological structure: # of concepts: 504 taxonomic depth: 5 5 evaluation runs 1632 frequent terms Introduction Framework Application Outlook Discussion 1 st iteration

18. FAO of the UN Library and Documentation Systems Division Nordic AOS Workshop Copenhagen February 2003 Phase 3/4: Merging of Ontologies, Refinement 1632 Terms from pruning process 12 new concepts extracted Ontological structure extracted from AGROVOC 23 new concepts With hierarchical relationships extracted 67 concepts 91 relationships Core Ontology Assembly step 92 new relationships created Biosecurity Ontology Prototype 102 concepts 183 relationships Introduction Framework Application Outlook Discussion 1 st iteration

19. FAO of the UN Library and Documentation Systems Division Nordic AOS Workshop Copenhagen February 2003 Final Prototype Biosecurity Ontology Prototype 102 concepts 183 relationships 1.79 relationships concept Core Ontology 67 concepts 91 relationships relationships concept 1.36 Introduction Framework Application Outlook Discussion 1 st iteration

20. FAO of the UN Library and Documentation Systems Division Nordic AOS Workshop Copenhagen February 2003 102 Concepts Agreement of Agriculture ALOP ALOP, Codex ALOP, OIE ALR animal byproducts animal diseases animal fats animal feed additives animal feed contaminants animal feed ingredients animal feeding animal health animal processing animal products animal waste animals antibiotics Bacteria bakery products biological agent CAC Caragene protocol CCFH cereal products cheese chemical agent Codex Committees commodities Consumer health diseases eggs exposure assessment fabrication FAO fishes food food additives food consumption food contaminants food export food import food ingredients food safety food-borne diseases fungi good hygienic practices hazard hazard characterization hazard identification human health human nutrition humans international agreements international food trade international governmental organizations IPPC labelling meat microorganisms microorganisms byproducts microorganisms processing microorganisms products microorganisms waste milk milk products non-pathogens OIE packaging parasites pathogens physical agent plant byproducts plant diseases plant feed additives plant feed contaminants plant feed ingredients plant feeding plant health plant processing plant products plant waste plants processed animal products processed plant products processed products processing risk analysis risk assessment risk characterization risk communication risk management slaughter SPS agreement standards sugar TBT agreement transport viruses WHO WTO Introduction Framework Application Outlook Discussion 1 st iteration

21. FAO of the UN Library and Documentation Systems Division Nordic AOS Workshop Copenhagen February 2003 29 Unique Relationships adopts adversely affect are included in are produced by are the source for can be used as constitutes describes determines ensures establishes govern has economical impact on Implies includes influences interacts with is a consequence of is a step in the process is comprised of is established by is protected by originate from refer to requires rule sustains trades uses Introduction Framework Application Outlook Discussion 1 st iteration

22. FAO of the UN Library and Documentation Systems Division Nordic AOS Workshop Copenhagen February 2003 Open to users and subject specialists for evaluation http://localhost:8080/fa oportal/dispatcherhttp://localhost:8080/fa oportal/dispatcher Introduction Framework Application Outlook Discussion 1 st iteration Biosecurity Ontology Browser  Modified version of the KAON Portal Phase 5: Evaluation

23. FAO of the UN Library and Documentation Systems Division Nordic AOS Workshop Copenhagen February 2003 Application of the framework: 2 nd iteration Introduction Framework Application Outlook Discussion 2 nd iteration

24. FAO of the UN Library and Documentation Systems Division Nordic AOS Workshop Copenhagen February 2003 Phase 1/2/3 : Resource selection, acquisition, merging Biosecurity Ontology Prototype 102 concepts 183 relationships Text To Onto ~ 100 domain Specific documents AGROVOC Revised Ontology Pruner List of frequent terms Pruned Agrovoc: ~3000 concepts Ontology Editor (OIModeler) Merging & Refinement 1 st acquisition approach 2 nd acquisition approach 2 nd iteration Introduction Framework Application Outlook Discussion

25. FAO of the UN Library and Documentation Systems Division Nordic AOS Workshop Copenhagen February 2003 Phase 4 : Extension and Refinement Biosecurity Ontology Core 2 nd iteration Introduction Framework Application Outlook Discussion Geographic Area Ontology Generic Properties Ontology Ontology on Food Safety, Animal and Plant Health 3761 concepts 16 unique relationships IPPC glossary creation of a modular design for reusability Further Codex Alimentarius Classifications OIE classifications

26. FAO of the UN Library and Documentation Systems Division Nordic AOS Workshop Copenhagen February 2003 Agenda Introduction Framework Application Outlook Discussion Introduction: –Why: The Biosecurity Portal Project –How: The modeling approach Framework for ontology creation Application of framework: –Creation of the Biosecurity Ontology Outlook: –Application scenario Discussion

27. FAO of the UN Library and Documentation Systems Division Nordic AOS Workshop Copenhagen February 2003 Application scenario: 2 use cases Use Case 1: Indexing the subject of a document Use Case 2: Searching information on the portal Risk;… Subject Title … … OFsAPH Risk;… Search … … Indexer Searcher Introduction Framework Application Outlook Discussion

28. FAO of the UN Library and Documentation Systems Division Nordic AOS Workshop Copenhagen February 2003 Search: Risk assessment Biosecurity Portal: … … Ontology Enabled Search Application Display Ontology Metadata + Doc base Introduction Framework Application Outlook Discussion Search Results + Ontology Semantics KAON API Simple query Ontology semantics Enhanced query Found results Use Case 2: Ontology based search extension

29. FAO of the UN Library and Documentation Systems Division Nordic AOS Workshop Copenhagen February 2003 Introduction Framework Application Outlook Discussion

30. FAO of the UN Library and Documentation Systems Division Nordic AOS Workshop Copenhagen February 2003 Introduction Framework Application Outlook Discussion

31. FAO of the UN Library and Documentation Systems Division Nordic AOS Workshop Copenhagen February 2003 Introduction Framework Application Outlook Discussion

32. FAO of the UN Library and Documentation Systems Division Nordic AOS Workshop Copenhagen February 2003 Agenda Introduction Framework Application Outlook Discussion Introduction: –Why: The Biosecurity Portal Project –How: The modeling approach Framework for ontology creation Application of framework: –Creation of the Biosecurity Ontology Outlook: –Application scenario Discussion