1. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Art and Photos in PowerPoint ® Concepts of Genetics Ninth Edition Klug, Cummings, Spencer, Palladino Chapter 18 Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

2. 18.1Eukaryotic Gene Can Occur at Any of the Steps Leading from DNA to Protein Product Different from prokaryotes: Lot’s of DNA mRNA processing Many chromosomes Chromatin structure mRNAs with a variety of half-lives Translational and posttranslational regulation

3. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 18.1

4. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 18.2Eukaryotic Gene Expression Is Influenced by Chromosome Organization and Chromatin Modifications 18.2.1 Chromosome Territories and Transcription Factories

5. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 18.2a

6. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 18.2b

7. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 18.2Eukaryotic Gene Expression Is Influenced by Chromosome Organization and Chromatin Modifications 18.2.2 Chromatin Remodeling

8. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 18.3

9. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Reduction of positive charge on histone protein weakens interactions between histone and DNA

10. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 18.4

11. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 18.2Eukaryotic Gene Expression Is Influenced by Chromosome Organization and Chromatin Modifications 18.2.3 DNA Methylation

12. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 18.5

13. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 17-20 Copyright © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc.

14. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Das and Singal (2004) J. Clin. Oncol.

15. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 18.3Eukaryotic Gene Transcription Is Regulated at Specific Cis-Acting Sites 18.3.1 Promoters

16. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 18.6

17. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 18.7

18. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 18.8

19. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 18.3Eukaryotic Gene Transcription Is Regulated at Specific Cis-Acting Sites 18.3.2 Enhancers and Silencers

20. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 18.9

21. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 18.4Eukaryotic Transcription Is Regulated by Transcription Factors that Bind to Cis-Acting Sites 18.4.1 The Human Metallothionein IIA Gene: Multiple Cis-Acting Elements and Transcription Factors

22. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 18.10

23. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 18.4Eukaryotic Transcription Is Regulated by Transcription Factors that Bind to Cis- Acting Sites 18.4.2 Functional Domains of Eukaryotic Transcription Factors DNA binding doman trans-activation or repression domain

24. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 18.11

25. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 18.12

26. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 18.12a

27. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 18.12b

28. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 18.13

29. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 18.5Activators and Repressors Regulate Transcription by Binding to Cis-acting Sites and Interacting with Other Transcription Factors 18.5.1 Formation of the Transcription Initiation Complex

30. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 18.14

31. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 18.5Activators and Repressors Regulate Transcription by Binding to Cis-acting Sites and Interacting with Other Transcription Factors 18.5.2 Interactions of the General Transcription Factors with Transcriptional Activators

32. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 18.15

33. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

34. 18.7Posttranscriptional Gene Regulation Occurs at All the Steps from RNA Processing to Protein Modification 18.7.1 Alternative Splicing of mRNA

35. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 18.18

36. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 18.19 12 x 48 x 33 x 2 = 38,016

37. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 18.7Posttranscriptional Gene Regulation Occurs at All the Steps from RNA Processing to Protein Modification 18.7.2 Sex Determination in Drosophila: A Model for Regulation of Alternative Splicing

38. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 18.20

39. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 18.7Posttranscriptional Gene Regulation Occurs at All the Steps from RNA Processing to Protein Modification 18.7.3 Control of mRNA Stability

40. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 18.21

41. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 18.7Posttranscriptional Gene Regulation Occurs at All the Steps from RNA Processing to Protein Modification 18.7.4 Translational and Post-translational Controls

42. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 18.22

43. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 18.8RNA Silencing Controls Gene Expression in Several Ways 18.1.1 The Molecular Mechanisms of RNA Silencing

44. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 18.23

45. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 18.24

46. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 18.8RNA Silencing Controls Gene Expression in Several Ways 18.8.2 RNA Silencing in Biotechnology and Therapy