1. Romanticism Romanticism and Realism

2. Overview - Romanticism “Feeling is all!”

3. Overview dates – music (1820 – 1900) – art (late 1700s/1800-1850) mostly in Northern Europe, especially in Britain, France, and Germany values: intuition, emotion, and imagination inspiration: Medieval and Baroque periods; Middle and Far East subjects: legends, nature, violence, exotica

4. The Romantic Movement e a reaction against classicism e the “Romantic Hero:”  greatest example was Lord Byron  tremendously popular among the European reading public  youth imitated his haughtiness and rebelliousness e a reaction against classicism e the “Romantic Hero:”  greatest example was Lord Byron  tremendously popular among the European reading public  youth imitated his haughtiness and rebelliousness

5. Music transition between Classical and Romantic Beethoven other key composers – Schubert – Chopin – Paganini – Wagner

6. Characteristics of Romanticism 1. the Engaged and Enraged Artist 2. Individualism - the Rugged Individual 3. the Power and the Fury of Nature 4. the Danger of Science and Technology 5. Glorifying Country Life 6. Gothic – romanticizing the Middle Ages 7. Exotica and the Macabre 8. Nationalism Art and Literature

7. The Engaged & Enraged Artist:  the artist apart from society  the artist as social critic/revolutionary  the artist as genius The Engaged & Enraged Artist:  the artist apart from society  the artist as social critic/revolutionary  the artist as genius

8. Wandering Above the Sea of Fog Caspar David Friedrich, 1818

9. Individualism  individuals have unique, endless potential  self-realization comes through art… artists are the true philosophers  individuals have unique, endless potential  self-realization comes through art… artists are the true philosophers

10. The Dreamer Gaspar David Friedrich, 1835

11. Glorification and Fury of Nature  peaceful, restorative qualities: an escape from industrialization and the dehumanization it creates  awesome, powerful, horrifying aspects of nature  indifferent to the fate of humans  overwhelming power of nature  peaceful, restorative qualities: an escape from industrialization and the dehumanization it creates  awesome, powerful, horrifying aspects of nature  indifferent to the fate of humans  overwhelming power of nature

12. The Raft of the Medusa Th é odore G é ricault, 1819

13. The Eruption of Vesuvius - John Martin

14. The Slave Ship Joseph Mallord William Turner, 1842 Danger of Science and Technology

15. The Hay Wain - John Constable, 1821 Glorifying Country Life

16. The Corn Field John Constable, 1826

17. Gothic/Romanticizing the Middle Ages  “Neo-Gothic” architectural style  Medieval ruins were a favorite theme for art and poetry  “Neo-Gothic” architectural style  Medieval ruins were a favorite theme for art and poetry

18. Salisbury Cathedral from the Meadows John Constable, 1831

19. British Houses of Parliament 1840-1865

20. Exotica and Macabre Exotica:  the sexy “other”  a sense of escape from reality  something to keep in mind: a psychological/moral justification of imperialism? Exotica:  the sexy “other”  a sense of escape from reality  something to keep in mind: a psychological/moral justification of imperialism?

21. Massacre of Chios - Eug è ne Delacroix, 1824

22. The Fanatics of Tangiers Eug è ne Delacroix, 1837-1838

23. The Royal Pavilion at Brighton John Nash, 1815-1823

24. Exotica and the Macabre Macabre  ghosts, fairies, witches, demons  the shadows of the mind—dreams & madness  the romantics rejected materialism in pursuit of spiritual self-awareness  they yearned for the unknown and the unknowable Macabre  ghosts, fairies, witches, demons  the shadows of the mind—dreams & madness  the romantics rejected materialism in pursuit of spiritual self-awareness  they yearned for the unknown and the unknowable

25. Mad Woman With a Mania of Envy Theodore Gericault, 1822-1823 Mad Woman With a Mania of Envy Theodore Gericault, 1822-1823

26. Witches Sabbath Francisco Goya, 1798

27. Liberty Leading the People Eug è ne Delacroix, 1830 Nationalism

28. Detail of the Musket Bearer Delacoix, himself

29. His Majesty’s Ship, “Victory” (Trafalgar) - John Constable, 1806

30. The Shooting of May 3, 1808 Francisco Goya, 1815

31. The Great Age of the Novel Gothic Novels:  Jane Eyre - Charlotte Bronte (1847)  Wuthering Heights - Emily Bronte (1847)  Frankenstein - Mary Shelley (1817)  Dracula – Bramm Stoker (1897) Historical Novels:  Ivanhoe - Sir Walter Scott (1819)  Les Miserables - Victor Hugo (1862)  The Three Musketeers – Alexander Dumas (1844) Gothic Novels:  Jane Eyre - Charlotte Bronte (1847)  Wuthering Heights - Emily Bronte (1847)  Frankenstein - Mary Shelley (1817)  Dracula – Bramm Stoker (1897) Historical Novels:  Ivanhoe - Sir Walter Scott (1819)  Les Miserables - Victor Hugo (1862)  The Three Musketeers – Alexander Dumas (1844)

32. Other Romantic Writers Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm - Grimm’s Fairy Tales (1814-1816) Johann Wolfgang von Goethe - Faust (1806-1832)

33. The Romantic Poets  Percy Bysshe Shelley  Lord Byron (George Gordon)  Samuel Taylor Coleridge  William Wordsworth  John Keats  William Blake  Percy Bysshe Shelley  Lord Byron (George Gordon)  Samuel Taylor Coleridge  William Wordsworth  John Keats  William Blake

34. The Political Implications a key question: how can Romanticism justify liberalism? how could it support conservatism?  contributed to growing nationalist movements  the concepts of the Volk and the Volkgeist  the uniqueness of cultures was emphasized a key question: how can Romanticism justify liberalism? how could it support conservatism?  contributed to growing nationalist movements  the concepts of the Volk and the Volkgeist  the uniqueness of cultures was emphasized

35. Overview - Realism how was this a reaction to both romanticism and neoclassicism? rejected romanticism as escapist, fantastical, and inward looking rejected neoclassicism as anachronistic

36. Characteristics of Realism 1.capture visual perceptions without alteration 2.take on serious themes 3.a look at the poorer classes

37. The Burial at Ornans Gustave Courbet, 1849-1850

38. The Third Class Wagon Honore Daumier, 1862