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Chapter 5: The Caribbean
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Learning Objectives Explain the historical and cultural linkages that define the cultural, economic and political boundaries of this complex region. Examine the role primary commodities and tourism play in the Caribbean economy. Discuss the relationships between the Caribbean and the rest of the Western Hemisphere (i.e., Latin America and the United States) Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
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Key Concepts Isolated Proximity Rimland Greater and Lesser Antilles
Hurricanes Diaspora Circular and Chain Migration Transnationalism Houseyards Creolization Plantation America Mono-crop Production Indentured Labor Maroon Societies Monroe Doctrine Neocolonialism Free Trade Zones Offshore Banking Capital Leakage Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
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Setting the Boundaries
25 countries and dependent territories Caribbean Islands, Belize (Central America) and the Guianas (Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana in South America) Isolated Proximity Contributes to cultural diversity, limited or dependent economic opportunity and transnationalism Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
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The Caribbean Figure 5.1 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
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Environmental Issues - Overview Figure 5.4
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
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Environmental Issues (cont’d)
Deforestation Rimland Forest and Coastal Management Failed Urban Infrastructure Figure 5.3 – Deforestation in Haiti Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
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Physical Setting Figure 5.5 Identify the “Rimland” of the Caribbean.
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
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The Caribbean Sea Link between islands and mainland Greater Antilles
Lesser Antilles Rimland States Figure 5.6 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
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Climate Figure 5.8 Examine the climographs.
What climatic characteristic exhibits seasonality? Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
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Vegetation Tropical Forests Tropical Savannas Mangrove Swamps
Figure 5.9 – El Yunque, Puerto Rico Tropical Forests Tropical Savannas Palm Savannas Mangrove Swamps Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
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Hurricanes Figure 5.2.1 Figure 5.2.2
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
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Population and Settlement
Figure 5.10 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
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Demographic Indicators - Fertility
Since 1960s: Fertility Decline Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
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The Caribbean Diaspora
Figure 5.12 Emigration Circular Migration Chain Migration Transnationalism Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
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Settlement Patterns - Rural
Figure 5.13 Shaped by plantation agriculture and subsistence farming Impact of slavery Lesser Antilles: Houseyards Subsistence Matriarchal Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
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Caribbean Cities Since 1960s
Old Havana Since 1960s Rural-to-Urban Migration Colonial influence in urban structure and architecture Similarities to Latin American city structure Figure 5.3.1 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
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Caribbean Cultural Diversity
Complex Mix of Cultures European African Asian Amerindian Creolization Figure 5.16 Linguistic, Religious & Ethnic Diversity Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
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Cultural Imprint of Colonialism
Plantation America Mono-Crop Production e.g., sugarcane Asian Immigration Indentured Labor South Asian Figure 5.15 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
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Transatlantic Slave Trade
Figure 5.17 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
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African Diaspora – The Maroons
Figure 5.5.1 Communities of runaway slaves Survival of African traditions Pressures to modernize Land conflict between Maroons and private/state interests Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
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African Diaspora - Religion
Figure 5.19 What other spatial distribution corresponds with the patterns shown on this map? Answer: Figure destinations of the Transatlantic slave trade Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
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Creolization Figure 5.21 Blending of African, European and Amerindian cultural elements Language and Music Figure 5.4.1 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
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Geopolitical Framework
From Colonialism to Neocolonialism Figure 5.23 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
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U.S. Presence in the Caribbean
Figure 5.24 U.S. Presence in the Caribbean Monroe Doctrine “American Backyard” Puerto Rico Cuba Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
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Agriculture Historic base Sugar, coffee and bananas
Environmental degradation Lack of opportunity to expand Shift away from mono-crop dependence Sugar, coffee and bananas Figure 5.26 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
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Industrial Development
Free Trade Zones (FTZs) Duty free and tax-exempt industrial parks Foreign corporations Attractive location for assembly plants Figure 5.27 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
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Offshore Banking Tax-exempt and confidential Specialized services
Dates to 1920s: the Bahamas The Cayman Islands Figure 5.28 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
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Tourism Figure 5.29 Figure 5.30 – Nassau, the Bahamas Figure 5.31 –
Montego Bay, Jamaica Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
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Tourism Issues in the Caribbean
Capital Leakage Gap between gross receipts and total tourist dollars that remain in the region Corporate headquarters outside region Promotes stronger environmental laws and regulation Less destructive than traditional export agriculture Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
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Social Development Importance of Education
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
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