1. REGIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION
INTERNATIONAL TRADE
REGIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION

2. Learning Objectives
Define regional economic integration, and identify its five levels.
Discuss the benefits and drawbacks associated with regional economic integration.
Describe regional integration in Europe, and its pattern of enlargement.
Characterize regional integration in Asia, and discuss how it differs from integration elsewhere.
Describe regional integration in the Middle East and Africa, and explain why progress there has been slow.

3. WHAT IS REGIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION?
Regional Economic Integration (regionalism):
Process whereby countries in a geographic region cooperate with one another to reduce or eliminate barriers to the international flow of products, people, or capital.

4. WHAT IS REGIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION?
Levels of Regional Integration
Free- Trade Area
Customs Union
Common Market
Economic Union
Political Union

5. Levels of Regional Integration
Free- Trade Area: Economic integration whereby countries seek to remove all barriers to trade between themselves , but each country determines its own barriers against nonmembers

6. Levels of Regional Integration
Customs Union : Economic integration whereby country remove all barriers to trade between themselves but erect a common trade policy against nonmembers

7. Levels of Regional Integration
Common Market
Economic integration whereby countries remove all barriers to trade and the movement of labor and capital between themselves but erect [ɪ'rekt] (to create, устанавливать) a common trade policy against nonmembers.

8. Levels of Regional Integration
Economic Union
Economic integration whereby countries remove barriers to trade and the movement of labor and capital, erect a common trade policy against nonmembers, and coordinate their economic policies.

9. Levels of Regional Integration
Political Union
Economic and political integration whereby (by which, посредством чего) countries coordinate aspects of their economic and political systems.

10. Levels of Regional Integration
Free-Trade Area
Greater integration
Customs Union
Common Market
Economic Union
Political Union

11. EFFECTS OF REGIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION
Benefits of Regional Integration
Drawbacks (недостаток, отрицательная сторона) of Regional Integration

12. Benefits of Regional Integration
Trade Creation
Greater Consensus (согласие)
Political Cooperation
Employment Opportunities

13. Benefits of Regional Integration
Trade Creation
Increase in the level of trade between nations that results from regional economic integration.

14. Benefits of Regional Integration
Greater Consensus
The Benefits of trying to eliminate (устранять, исключать, уничтожать, ликвидировать) trade barriers in smaller groups of countries.
It can be easier to gain consensus from fewer members as opposed to.

15. Benefits of Regional Integration
Political Cooperation
Be political benefits-(выгода, польза) from efforts toward regional economic Integration.
A group of nations can have significantly-(многозначительно) greater political weight- (вес, масса) than each nation has individually.

16. Benefits of Regional Integration
Employment Opportunities
Expand employment opportunities by enabling (давать возможность или право что-л. сделать, создавать возможность, облегчать) people to move from one country to another.
Simply to earn a higher wage.

17. Drawbacks of Regional Integration
Trade diversion
Shifts (смена, перемена 2) рабочая смена) in Employment
Loss of National Sovereignty ['sɔvr(ə)ntɪ] (суверенитет, суверенность, независимость)

18. Drawbacks of Regional Integration
Trade diversion
Diversion - [daıˈvɜːʃən] отвлечение, отклонение, отступление (от какого-л. поведения, маршрута, правил и т. п.) of trade away from nations not belonging to a trading bloc and toward member nations

19. Drawbacks of Regional Integration
Shifts in Employment
Industries requiring mostly unskilled labor

20. Drawbacks of Regional Integration
Loss of National Sovereignty
Successive levels of integration require that nations surrender [səre̱ndə(r)] - уступка (чего-л.) , отказ (напр., от права) ; передача (чего-л.) more of their national sovereignty

21. INTEGRATION IN EUROPE European Union
European Free Trade Association (EFTA)

22. European Union European monetary union
Enlargement of the European Union
Structure of the European Union

23. European Union European Monetary Union
The European Union that established its own central bank and currency

24. European Union Enlargement of the European Union 1525 (May 2004)
Some certain demands (Copenhagen Criteria):
Has stable institutions (democracy, law, Human Rights, Minorities)
Market Economy
Is able to assume the obligations of membership (economic, monetary, political union)
Adopt the rules and regulations of the community

25. European Union Structure of the European Union European Parliament
Council of the European Union
European Commission
Court of Justice - Судебный Орган
Court of Auditors

26. European Free Trade Association (EFTA)

27. INTEGRATION IN THE AMERICAS
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
Andean Community
Latin American Integration Association (ALADI)
Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR)
Central America and the Caribbean
Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA)
Transatlantic Economic Partnership (TEP)

28. North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
Local Content Requirements and Rules of Origin.
Effects of NAFTA
Expansion of NAFTA

29. North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

30. Andean Community Main Objectives: Tariff Reduction for Trade
Common Policies

31. Andean Community Latin American Free Trade Association (LAFTA)
Includes 5 South American Countries
Bolivia
Colombia
Ecuador
Peru
Venezuela

32. Latin American Integration Association (ALADI)
Its main objective is the establishment of a common market, in pursuit of the economic and social development of the region.
Its members are: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Cuba, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay and Venezuela.

33. Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR)
Customs Union
Members :
Argentina
Brazil
Paraguay
Uruguay
Venezuela

34. Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR)

35. Central America and the Caribbean
Caribbean Community & Common
Market
Central American Common Market

36. Caribbean Community & Common Market
Members: 15
Antiqua and Barbuda
Bahamas
Barbados
Belize
Dominica
Grenada
Guyana
Haiti
Jamaica
Montserrat
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Lucia
Saint Vincent and Grenadines
Suriname
Trinidad and Tobago

37. Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA)
Anti & Barbuda
Argentina
Bahamas
Barbados
Belize
Bolivia
Brazil
Canada
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Dominica
Dominican
Ecuador
El Salvador
Grenada
Guatemala
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Jamaica
Mexico
Nicaragua
Panama
Paraguay
Peru
Saint Kitts & Nevis
Saint Lucia
Saint Vincent
Suriname
Trinidad US
Uruguay
Venezuela

38. Transatlantic Economic Partnership (TEP)
The Transatlantic between US and EU

39. INTEGRATION IN ASIA Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)

40. ASEAN

41. ASEAN

42. ASEAN

43. ASEAN Members 10 Myanmar Philippines Cambodia Singapore Indonesia
Brunei
Myanmar
Cambodia
Indonesia
Laos
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
Vietnam

44. INTEGRATION IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA
Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)
Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)

45. Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)
Members:
Bahrain
Kuwait
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
The United Arab Emirate

46. Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)
Formation of a customs union and eventual common market and monetary union.
Ecowas nations comprise a large portion of the economic activity in sub-Saharan Africa.

47. THE END