1. Neuroblastoma Stroma Classification on the Sony Playstation 3 Tim Hartley, Olcay Sertel, Mansoor Khan, Umit Catalyurek, Joel Saltz, Metin Gurcan Department of Biomedical Informatics The Ohio State University

2. 2 The Cell BE processor  Designed at IBM in conjunction with Toshiba and Sony (processor for the PS3)  The Cell is a 9 core chip with a shared L2 cache  One PowerPC (PPE) core  Eight Synergistic Processing Elements (SPE)  High performance I/O to support data-intensive applications

3. 3 Cell BE parallelism  Levels of parallelism Instruction-level parallelism via 128- bit vector operations Thread-level parallelism via independent SPE processors CPU-level parallelism for extreme-scale problems  Some image analysis algorithms are appropriate to be parallelized

4. 4 Image analysis on Cell  Neuroblastoma  Nerve cell cancer predominantly affecting children  Microscope slides can be very large (> 40 GB)  One SPE equivalent to 2.13 GHz 64-bit Intel or AMD CPU for this application

5. 5 Details of Cell port for analysis Image label Input image LA*B* conversion L L A* B* Statistical feature extraction LBP feature Bhattacharyya distance KNN classifier Flowchart of stroma classification algorithm  Algorithm overview  Image partitioned into tiles  RGB to LAB transformation  LBP feature calculation  Computationally expensive portions  RGB to LAB transformation  LBP feature calculation  Two stages to Cell analysis pipeline  RGB->LAB and color-space statistics  LBP feature calculation

6. 6 More details of Cell port  Instruction-level parallelism  Vector operations in pipeline stages  Thread-level parallelism  Multiple SPEs analyzing multiple tiles concurrently  Dynamic scheduling of operations on SPEs  CPU-level parallelism  Use DataCutter to decouple tile I/O from analysis  Tiles are read from storage node(s) and pushed to PS3(s)‏ `

7. 7 Algorithm workflow Disabled (yield) Reserved Lab

8. 8 Demo

9. 9 Conclusion  Performance in analysis of Neuroblastoma slides  Up to 6 times faster than regular CPU with PS3  Price/performance ratio is significantly better than regular CPU  Sony and IBM encourage Linux-based development with official Software Development Kits (SDK), Linux OS installation support PlayStation is a registered trademark of Sony Computer Entertainment Inc.