1. 1.1 Describe the Land Bridge theory Nomadic peoples crossed into NA from Asia ID culture types: - nomadic - sedentary Beringia ( Bering Strait)

2. 1.2 ID Native American cultural features Land ownership Trade interaction Religious beliefs - animisim - polytheistic

3. What three Worlds ? Native American Culture Africa Europe

4. 1.3 ID Early African Kingdoms Songhai, Benin, Congo African Slavery - political, tribal - result of war gold, ivory

5. 1.4 Why did Europe turn to the sea ? Wkbk 1.4 Crusades interaction: - trade - technology economic competition -Italian city-states Characteristics of The Renaissance - skeptical, questioning

6. 1.5 Describe the Columbian Exchange Wkbk 1.5 Biosphere, Ecosphere p 29 - exchanges: economic, cultural and biological

7. 1.5 how did European exploration affect all three worlds ? European Exploration Africa slave trade depopulation America loss of land war / disease depopulation Europe Colonies rivalry war

8. 2.1 ID motives for Spanish exploration Gold, Glory, and God - these motives reinforced the colonial mentality of the Spanish and the native people that lived in their colonies destruction of highly advanced native American cultures The Conquistadores: -Cortez, Coronado, Pizarro, DeLeon, DeSoto

9. VOCAB The Encomienda system - Large landowners use cheap (slave) manual labor Congregaciones - organize, contol NA pop. The Peninsulares Mestizo

10. 2.2 Describe early English settlements Jamestown 1607 originally a joint stock colony indentured servitude / headright system individuals not families harsh, difficult, dangerous The Powhattan Pocahontas & John Smith Brown Gold - John Rolfe (Va. becomes a royal colony 1624) Bacons Rebellion illustrates colonial class struggle (1676) * The poor vs. the planters

11. 2.3 Who were the Puritans and the Pilgrims and why did they go to the new world? - what happened to the Plymouth colony? …..Radical, impatient puritans...... to escape religious persecution Plymouth colony 1620 - Mayflower Compact - John Winthrop – a city upon the hill Mass. Bay Colony - dissenters: Anne Hutchinson, Roger Williams, Thomas Hooker - separation of church and state - religious freedom RI and Conn.

12. CONTRAST: Spanish and English Colonies Can ya…huh…can ya ? ?? SPAIN ENGLAND where why who how English – business venture, individuals Spanish – armies, search and conquer

13. 2.3 Describe methods of governing in : Mass. Bay church + state the elect family / community Dissenters R I Roger Williams separation of church and state religious freedom

14. 2.3 Early Colonial Indian Wars very destructive Pequot War 1637 - conflict over loss of land - massacre of the Pequot King Philips War 1675 - Wampanoag resented Puritan interference in their life - Metacom - heavy colonial losses; end of NA resistence in NE

15. 2.4 Describe Pa. and New Amsterdam Pa. Philly commerce Diverse Proprietorship – - William Penn - Quaker influence and recruitment +++ Delaware New Amsterdam Dutch commerce Relations with Native Americans thru trade English takeover - NY +++ NJ

16. 2.4 Describe the origins of other southern colonies Maryland 1632 - Proprietorship: George Calvert - for Catholics Carolina 1663 - Proprietorship - tobacco ----$$$$ Georgia 1732 - Proprietorship: James Oglethorpe - for debtors