1. Important Skeletal Muscles
BIO 210 Chapter 10 Part 2
Important Skeletal Muscles

2. Warm Up Define & give an example of each of the following.
Prime mover
Synergist
Antagonist
Fixator muscles
Name the muscles of the Quadriceps Group
Name the muscles of Hamstring Group

3. Warm Up
Define & give an example of a muscle that does each of the following.
Prime mover-provides most of the force for a movement, forearm flexion, biceps brachii.
Synergist-assists, i.e.contract at same time as prime movers, and move the joint the same direction. Brachialis.
Antagonist-muscle that extends the prime mover. Triceps brachii is antagonist for biceps.
Fixator muscles-stabilize a joint. Deltoid.

4. Name the muscles of the Quadriceps Group
Rectus femoris
Vastus medialis
Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedius
Name the muscles of Hamstring Group
Semitendenosus
Semimembranosus
Biceps femoris

5. Important Skeletal Muscles
When we talk about muscle actions of the following muscles, we are referring to the action of the prime mover.
Remember that muscles work together.
Prime mover
Synergist
Antagonist
Fixator muscles

6. MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION
ORBICULARIS OCULI
ZYGOMATICUS MAJOR
ORBICULARIS ORIS
BUCCINATOR

7. ORBICULARIS OCULI: Closes Eyes (Blinking)

8. ZYGOMATICUS MAJOR: Pulls Corners of Mouth Upward (Laughing)

9. ORBICULARIS ORIS: Puckers Mouth (Kissing)

10. BUCCINATOR: Presses Lips and Cheeks Against Teeth (Blowing, Whistling)

11. MUSCLES OF MASTICATION
TEMPORALIS: Same as Masseter
MASSETER Elevates Mandible (Closes Jaw)

12. MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE HEAD
STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID
Flexes Head ("Prayer Muscle") (When Both Contract)
Turns Head to Side (When Each Contracts Alone)

13. EXTERNAL INTERCOSTALS
TRUNK MUSCLES - MUSCLES OF THE THORAX NOTE: All of These Muscles Play an Important Role in Respiration.
EXTERNAL INTERCOSTALS
Elevates Ribs
INTERNAL INTERCOSTALS
Depresses Ribs
DIAPHRAGM
Enlarges Thorax (Causes Inspiration)

14. TRUNK MUSCLES - MUSCLES OF THE ABDOMINAL WALL
EXTERNAL OBLIQUE
INTERNAL OBLIQUE
TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINUS
RECTUS ABDOMINUS

15. CAT ABS! EXTERNAL OBLIQUE INTERNAL OBLIQUE TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINUS
RECTUS ABDOMINUS

16. Functions of Muscles of the Abdominal Wall
All Four of These Muscles Have the Following Functions:
Compress (Tighten) Abdomen
Rotate Trunk Laterally
Abdominal muscles play important roles in posture; they pull pelvis upward which flattens lumbar curve of the spine.
They also aid in defecation, forced expiration, childbirth, etc.
Rectus abdominus flexes the trunk of the body.

17. UPPER LIMB MUSCLES –MUSCLES ACTING ON THE SHOULDER GIRDLE: Trapezius & Serratus anterior
Raises and Lowers Shoulders (Shrugs Shoulders)

18. CAT TRAPEZIUS, DELTOID, ETC.
1. External oblique
2. Latissimus dorsi
3. Spinotrapezius
4. Acromiotrapezius
5. Clavotrapezius
6. Levator scapulae ventralis
7. Spinodeltoid
8. Acromiodeltoid
9. Clavodeltoid
10. Triceps brachii (lateral head)
11. Triceps brachii (long head)

19. Pulls Shoulder Forward and Upward (Punching Movements)
UPPER LIMB MUSCLES –MUSCLES ACTING ON THE SHOULDER GIRDLE: Trapezius & Serratus anterior
SERRATUS ANTERIOR
Pulls Shoulder Forward and Upward (Punching Movements)

20. CAT-SERRATUS ANTERIOR

21. UPPER LIMB MUSCLES MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE UPPER ARM
Pectoralis major
Latissimus dorsi
Deltoid

22. PECTORALIS MAJOR Flexes Upper Arm
Adducts Upper Arm Anteriorly (Draws It Across Chest)

23. CAT PECS Clavodeltoid Pectoantebrachialis Pectoralis major
Pectoralis minor
Xiphihumeralis

24. LATISSIMUS DORSI Extends Upper Arm Adducts Upper Arm
Posteriorly (Draws It Across Back)

25. CAT-LATISSIMUS DORSI

26. DELTOID Assists with Flexion and Extension of Upper Arm
Abducts Upper Arm

27. CAT TRAPEZIUS, DELTOID, ETC.
1. External oblique
2. Latissimus dorsi
3. Spinotrapezius
4. Acromiotrapezius
5. Clavotrapezius
6. Levator scapulae ventralis
7. Spinodeltoid
8. Acromiodeltoid
9. Clavodeltoid
10. Triceps brachii (lateral head)
11. Triceps brachii (long head)

28. MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FOREARM
BICEPS BRACHII
Supinates Forearm and Hand
Flexes Supinated Forearm
BRACHIALIS &
Flexes Pronated Forearm 

29. MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FOREARM
BRACHIORADIALIS
Supinates Forearm and Hand
Flexes Forearm
(Semipronated or Semisupinated)
TRICEPS BRACHII
Extends Forearm

30. MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE WRIST, HAND, AND FINGERS
SUPERFICIAL FLEXORS
FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS
Flexes Hand
PALMARIS LONGUS
FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS

31. MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE WRIST, HAND, AND FINGERS
FLEXOR DIGITORUM (SUPERFICIALIS)
Flexes Fingers

32. MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE WRIST, HAND, AND FINGERS
EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS
Extends Hand
Abducts Hand (Moves Toward Thumb Side When Hand Supinated)

33. MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE WRIST, HAND, AND FINGERS:
EXTENSOR CARPI ULNARIS
Extends Hand
Adducts Hand (Moves Toward Little Finger Side When Hand Supinated)
EXTENSOR DIGITORUM
Extends Fingers

34. MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE WRIST, HAND, AND FINGERS
OPPONENS POLLICIS
Opposes Thumb to Fingers

35. LOWER LIMB MUSCLES MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE THIGH: ILIOPSOAS
Flexes Thigh Flexes Trunk

36. LOWER LIMB MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE THIGH: RECTUS FEMORIS
Flexes Thigh
Extends Lower Leg

37. LOWER LIMB MUSCLES MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE THIGH: GLUTEAL GROUP
MAXIMUS
Extends Thigh
MEDIUS
Abducts Thigh
MINIMUS

38. Lower Limb Muscles continued…
TENSOR FASCIAE LATAE
Abducts Thigh
PECTINEUS
Adducts Thigh
Flexes Thigh
ADDUCTOR GROUP
BREVIS
LONGUS
MAGNUS
ALL of These Muscles Adduct the Thigh.
GRACILIS
Flexes Lower leg

39. TENSOR FASCIAE LATAE Abducts Thigh
1. Sartorius  2. Tensor fasciae latae 
3. Gluteus maximus  4. Gluteus medius  5. Caudofemoralis 
6. Vastus lateralis 
7. Biceps femoris 
8. Gastrocnemius 
9. Soleus

40. TENSOR FASCIAE LATAE-CAT Abducts Thigh
1. Sartorius 
2. Tensor fasciae latae 
3. Gluteus maximus 
4. Gluteus medius 
5. Caudofemoralis 
6. Vastus lateralis 
7. Biceps femoris 
8. Gastrocnemius 
9. Soleus

41. PECTINEUS Adducts Thigh Flexes Thigh

42. PECTINEUS-CAT

43. ADDUCTOR GROUP ALL of These Muscles Adduct the Thigh.
BREVIS
LONGUS
MAGNUS

44. ADDUCTOR GROUP-CAT NOTE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CAT AND HUMAN BEING
ADDUCTOR LONGUS
ADDUCTOR FEMORIS

45. GRACILIS Adducts Thigh Flexes Lower leg

46. GRACILIS-CAT

47. MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE LOWER LEG
QUADRICEPS FEMORIS GROUP
RECTUS FEMORIS
Extends Lower leg
Flexes Thigh
VASTUS LATERALIS
VASTUS MEDIALIS
VASTUS INTERMEDIUS
ALL Muscles in the Vastus Group Extend Lower Leg

48. QUADRICEPS FEMORIS GROUP
RECTUS FEMORIS
Extends Lower leg
Flexes Thigh
VASTUS LATERALIS
VASTUS MEDIALIS
VASTUS INTERMEDIUS
deep to rectus femoris
ALL Muscles in the Vastus Group Extend Lower Leg

49. QUADRICEPS FEMORIS GROUP
VASTUS INTERMEDIUS
deep to rectus femoris
ALL Muscles in the Vastus Group Extend Lower Leg

50. QUADRICEPS FEMORIS GROUP-CAT
VASTUS LATERALIS
RECTUS FEMORIS
VASTUS INTERMEDIUS
VASTUS MEDIALIS

51. MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE LOWER LEG
SARTORIUS
Flexes Lower Leg
Permits Sitting in Tailor Fashion
HAMSTRING GROUP
BICEPS FEMORIS
Extends Thigh
SEMITENDINOSUS
SEMIMEMBRANOSUS

52. SARTORIUS-Flexes Lower Leg

53. SARTORIUS Permits Sitting in Tailor Fashion

54. HAMSTRING GROUP BICEPS FEMORIS SEMITENDINOSUS SEMIMEMBRANOSUS
Flexes Lower Leg
Extends Thigh
SEMITENDINOSUS
SEMIMEMBRANOSUS

55. HAMSTRING GROUP-CAT
BICEPS FEMORIS
REFLECTED IN THIS PIC
Flexes Lower Leg
Extends Thigh
SEMITENDINOSUS
SEMIMEMBRANOSUS

56. MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FOOT
TIBIALIS ANTERIOR
Flexes Foot (Dorsiflexion)
Inverts Foot (Inversion)
GASTROCNEMIUS
Extends Foot (Plantar Flexion)
Flexes Lower Leg
SOLEUS
Extends Foot

57. TIBIALIS ANTERIOR
Flexes Foot (Dorsiflexion)
Inverts Foot (Inversion)

58. GASTROCNEMIUS
Extends Foot (Plantar Flexion)
Flexes Lower Leg

59. SOLEUS Extends Foot

60. MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FOOT-CAT
TIBIALIS ANTERIOR
GASTROCNEMIUS
SOLEUS