1. Mediator Pattern and Multiuser Protection Billy Bennett June 8 th, 2009

2. Mediator

3. Applicability A set of objects communicates in well-defined, but complex ways. Often with unstructured dependencies. Reusing objects is difficult because it refers to and communicates with many other objects. A behavior that’s distributed between several classes should be customizable without a lot of subclassing.

5. Participants Mediator ConcreteMediator Colleague ConcreteColleague

6. Structure

8. Consequences Limits subclassing ▫Localizes behavior that would be otherwise distributed among many objects ▫Changes in behavior require changing only the Mediator class

9. Consequences Decouples colleagues ▫Colleagues become more reusable. ▫You can have multiple types of interactions between colleagues, and you don’t need to subclass or otherwise change the colleague class to do that.

10. Consequences Simplifies object protocols ▫Many-to-many interactions replaced with one-to- many interactions ▫More intuitive ▫More extensible ▫Easier to maintain

11. Consequences Abstracts object cooperation ▫Mediation becomes an object itself ▫Interaction and individual behaviors are separate concepts that are encapsulated in separate objects

12. Consequences Centralizes control ▫Mediator can become very complex ▫With more complex interactions, extensibility and maintenance may become more difficult

13. Sample Code class DialogDirector { public: virtual ~DialogDirector (); virtual void ShowDialog (); virtual void WidgetChanged (Widget*) = 0; protected: DialogDirector (); virtual void CreateWidgets () = 0; }; class Widget { public: Widget (DialogDirector*); virtual void Changed (); virtual void HandleMouse (MouseEvent& event); //... private: DialogDirector* _director; }; Void Widget::Changed () { _director->WidgetChanged(this); }

14. Implementation Issues Omitting the abstract Mediator class – possible when only one mediator exists Strategies for Colleague-Mediator communication ▫Observer class ▫Pointer / other identifier to “self” passed from colleague to mediator, who pass it to the other colleague(s)

15. Related Patterns Façade ▫Unidirectional rather than cooperative interactions between object and subsystem Observer ▫May be used as a means of communication between Colleagues and the Mediator

16. Other thoughts Which strategy (or alternative pattern) should we use when the Mediator becomes too monolithic?

17. Multiuser Protection

18. Example from UNIX Each node in the file system has a “user” Everyone else is “other” Different actions can be assigned to “user” or to “user and other” (read, write, etc.) User defined by a unique login / password

19. Concrete Need security Use encapsulation Data should be inaccessible to the client Actually everything must be inaccessible to the client

20. Which Pattern? We’re creating an object, so probably a creational pattern Abstract factory? ▫No – we don’t need families of objects and we’re fine creating an abstract class Builder? ▫No – not an overly complex object Factory method? ▫No – similar to Abstract Factory

21. Which Pattern? Prototype? ▫No – addresses what, not how Singleton? ▫Ahhhhhhh – pattern designed to return a single instance of an object. ▫NOTE: Here, we’re not worried about one instance of object total, but rather per user ▫So, we can just change Instance (); static const User* User::logIn ( const string& loginName, const string& password);

22. Next Problem What about groups (a la UNIX)? Composite? ▫No – groups are not actually a hierarchy (no groups of groups and users may belong > 1 group) Mediator? ▫Yes – good for centralizing, objects don’t need to know about each other (no wasted resources), good security

24. Wrapping Up

25. Visitor ConcreteVisitor Composite:Component Proxy: Subject TemplateMethod:AbstractClass Visitor:Element Leaf Proxy TemplateMethod:ConcreteClass Leaf Proxy:RealSubject TemplateMethod:ConcreteClass Composite Proxy:RealSubject TemplateMethod:ConcreteClass Mediator:ConcreteColleague Singleton (variant) ConcreteMediator Singleton Mediator:ConcreteColleague