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Published byTobias Allison Modified over 9 years ago
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A map of the layout of the archaeological site of Tula, Hidalgo
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Tula Panorama
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Columns in the form of Toltec warriors in Tula
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Tarascan or Purépecha state rivaled Aztec empire in territory. Tzintzuntzan was capital with 35,000 people. Aztec attempts to conquer Tarascans were met with stiff resistance, well-trained military and forts along their borders. Produced copper, bronze, and gold objects.
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Oaxaca had the Post Classic town of Mitla. Intricate mosaic veneer on facades of buildings and murals. A Zapotec religious center.
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Yucatan Peninsula Chichén Itza: dominant Maya center during early Postclassic - A.D.1000 Toltec period of Chichén Itza: A.D.1000 - 1250.
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Chichén Itzá, 900 – 1100AD Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico
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Chichén Itzá, Panorama
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Chichén Itzá: El Castillo/Templo de Kukulkán
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Red Jaguar Throne Inside El Castillo
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Chichén Itzá: Serpent Columns at Temple of 1000 Warriors
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Chichén Itzá: Chac Mool and Serpent Columns at Temple of 1000 Warriors
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Chichén Itza: The Observatory
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Mayan calendars and astronomy Solar calendar: 356 days: 18 months by 20 days each with five additional unlucky days Agriculture and marketing Lunar calendar: 260 days: 13 months by 20 days each, astrology, fate of individuals and the empire.
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Causes of the Rise of Mayan Civilization Trade Networks: Trade in obsidian, salt, stone; Cobá Hydraulic Theory: Irrigation; Campeche Social-environmental circumscription: limited water resources forced to population to congregate around cenotes administrators that controlled water became the elite works for Chichén Itzá
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Chichén Itzá’s Cenote
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Chichén Itzá Sacbe
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1) Aztec City States, Ethnic Groups, and Polities 2) “Aztec” refers to Nahuatl-speaking peoples of highland Central Mexico. Aztec-people from Aztlan, “White Land”, a mythical place to the NW. 3) Mexica, an ethnic group-people from Metzliapán, “Moon Lake” their name for Lake Texcoco.
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4) Mexica, Acolhua, Tepanec, and Tlahuica are ethnic groups, all of who speak Nahuatl 5) In 1428, Aztecs established alliance of three polities; a) Tenochtitlán (Mexica), b) Texcoco (Acolhua), and c) Tlacopan (dissident Tepanec polity).
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6) Tenochtitlán’s site where eagle seated on a cactus eating a snake was spotted. 7) Population of around 200,000 people. 8) Great marketplace of Tlatelolco was attended by over 60,000 people daily. 9) Chinampas produced 7 crops per year and provided over half of the basic food needs of Tenochtitlán.
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