1. World War Looms Chapter 16
Hitler
Tojo
Stalin
World War Looms Chapter 16
Mussolini
Section 1: Dictators Threaten World Peace
Section 2: War in Europe
Section 3: The Holocaust (Covered in Chapter 17)
Section 4: America Moves Toward War

2. Hitler on the March March 1936 Hitler’s Invasion of the Rhineland
Demilitarized Zone according to the Treaty of Versailles
Clear violation of Treaty

3. Treaties
Rome – Berlin Axis: Political and military alliance with Germany and Italy
Anti-Comintern Pact: (anti communist)
Germany, Italy, and Japan sign agreement to be against the Soviet Union
Response of Soviet Union
Ask British and French for alliance against Fascists
NO!!!!! They don’t like communist either

4. Annexation of Austria
March Anschluss – Union with Austria which is a clear violation of the Treaty of Versailles
Goal – reunite all German speaking people

5. Hitler Demands Sudatenland
Sept –Hitler demands western edge of Czechoslovakia to unite all German speaking people
What do the Czechoslovakians say? NO
Hitler appeals to Britain and France
Munich Crisis / Munich Conference / Munich Pact
Britain: Chamberlain
French: Daladier
Italy: Mussolini
Germany: Hitler
Who is not there? Czechs
They give in to Hitler’s demand
Hitler promises this is his last territorial demand

6. Key Players @ Munich Conference
Key Players @ Munich Conference
Neville Chamberlain
Edouard Daladier   
From left to right: Chamberlain, Daladier, Hitler, Mussolini, and Ciano pictured before signing the Munich Agreement.
Hitler
Mussolini

7. Churchill on the Munich Pact
“Britain and France had to choose between war and dishonor. They chose dishonor. They will have war.”
See Churchill

8. Munich Conference Symbol of Appeasement
Giving into aggressors demands to get them to stop their tantrums
March 1939 – Invades the rest of Czechoslovakia
March 1939 – Hitler demands Polish Corridor to reunite all German speaking people
British and French make pledge to help Poland against Hitler

9. British and French ask the Soviets for an Alliance
Soviets are very mad about being excluded from the Munich Conference
Soviets will only ally themselves under certain conditions
British and French don’t accept
What, no chair for me?
(30th September, 1938)

10. Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact
Hitler and Stalin sign in Aug. 1939
1. Agree not to attack each other
2. Agree to remain neutral if either country goes to war
3. Hitler tells Stalin he will allow him to have Finland, Estonia, Latvia, and the eastern part of Poland
This is the secret part of the treaty

11. Hitler Invades Poland Nothing stands in Hitler’s way
Sept. 1, 1939 – Hitler’s forces invade Poland
2 Days Later Britain and France declare war on Germany in support of Poland
World War II in Europe begins

12. Blitzkrieg Blitzkrieg – Lightning Warfare
Mechanized assault on land, air and sea
Western Poland was conquered by the Germans in a matter of 3 to 4 weeks
Eastern Poland was attacked and taken by the Soviet Union

13. Sitzkrieg
Sitzkrieg – Phony War: time in the winter and spring of when the French and Germans stared at each other across their lines of fortification and France waited to be attacked.
Maginot Line – French line of fortification
Siegfried Line – German line of fortification

14. Hitler Makes His Move
April 1940 – Germany invades Denmark and Norway using Blitzkrieg tactics
May 1940 – Germany invades Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and Belgium
May 1940 – Invasion of France
June 1940 – The Fall of France
Charles de Gaulle – Set up a government in exile in Britain
Charles de Gaulle

15. Dunkirk
British are trapped by the Germans at Dunkirk in Northern France. (see map)
Rescue mission launched and all possible sea worthy vessels were sent to Dunkirk to rescue the 300,000 troops
Military Craft
Private pleasure craft
Ferries
Fishing Boats
Etc.
Symbol of Heroism
British troops are saved, but their equipment had been left behind
British are the only viable force left after the Fall of France

16. Battle of Britain The Luftwaffe (German Air Force)
Bombed British Isles day and night for months to soften it up for the big land invasion (Operation Sea Lion)
Tremendous flying by the Royal Air Force held the Germans off and Hitler calls off invasion
Why is it always difficult to invade the British Isles?
Winston Churchill- Quote referring to the Royal Air Force (RAF)
“Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few.”

17. Hitler’s Mistakes
Hitler underestimated the British and failed to invade the British Isles
See 2nd mistake section 4
See 3rd mistake section 4