1. CHAPTER 15: RIZAL’S SECOND SOJOURN IN PARIS AND THE UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889

6. UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889
World fair
100th anniversary of the storming of Bastille
the symbol for the beginning of the French Revolution
Absolute Monarchy was overthrown by new Enlightenment principles of equality, citizenship and inalienable rights

7. KIDLAT CLUB It was founded by:
Rizal
to bring together young Filipinos in the French capital
enjoy their sojourn in the city during the duration of the Universal Exposition.
It will disappear:
like lightning (temporary nature)

8. INDIOS BRAVOS proud of the name Indio
make our Spanish enemies revise their conception of the term
The Indios Bravos (brave Indians) replaced :
the ephemeral Kidlat Club.
Members pledged:
to excel in intellectual and physical prowess in order to win the admiration of the foreigners
sword and the pistol.
Judo

10. CORRUPT GOVT OF DUTCH COLONY IN INDONESIA
MAX HAVELAAR (DUTCH)
CORRUPT GOVT OF DUTCH COLONY IN INDONESIA
CULTIVATION SYSTEM: TRADABLE CROPS
TAX COLLECTION: COMMISSION
NOT STAPLE CROPS: RICE
RESULT OF NOVEL: AWARENESS OF EUROPE
KILLED COLONIALISM

11. RDLM SOCIETY initials of the society’s secret name:
Redencion de los Malayos (Redemption of the the Malays).
The aim of the secret society:
“propagation of all useful knowledge – scientific, artistic, literary, etc. – in the Phil.” (patterned after Freemasonry)
Letter to Blumentritt:
If it is impossible for me to give freedom to my country
at least I should like to give it to them in other lands (Borneo).

12. ANNOTATED EDITION OF MORGA PUBLISHED
Error: appraising the events of the past in the light of present standards
Blumentritt on Rizal
abuses of the friars should not be construed to mean the Catholicism is bad.
Dedicated to the Filipinos
they would know of their glorious past
clothes, government, laws, writing, literature, religion, arts, sciences, and commerce
Filipinos were already civilized before the advent of Spain
blasted the historical heresies of the Spanish vs early Filipinos were savages and were of low mentality.

13. THE PHILIPPINES WITHIN A CENTURY
Rizal predicted:
tragic end of Spain’s sovereignty in Asia.
Colonies established to subserve the policy and commerce of the sovereign country
all eventually become independent

14. INDOLENCE OF THE FILIPINOS
Filipinos had abandoned their pre-Spanish industries and worked less than their ancestors
people could not enjoy the fruits of their labor
it is easier for a poor man to enter heaven than for a rich man

15. PROJECT FOR FILIPINO COLLEGE IN HONGKONG
A rich Filipino resident in Paris, Mr. Mariano Cunanan, from Mexico, Pampanga
promised to help him raise P40,000 as initial capital for the college.
This project of Rizal to establish a modern college in Hong Kong
did not materialize

16. POR TELEFONO
This satirical pamphlet under the authorship of “Dimas Alang” is:
a witty satire which ridicules Fr. Font.
Rizal predicted much ahead of his times that people could carry on:
overseas telephonic conversations years after the publication of Rizal’s “Por Telefono.”

17. CHAPTER 16: IN BELGIAN BRUSSELS

19. 2 REASONS TO LEAVE PARIS The cost of living in Paris was very high
because of the Universal Exposition
The gay social life of the city:
hampered his literary works

20. NEW ORTOGRAPHY OF TAGALOG LANGUAGE
The tagalong letters k and w should be used instead of the Spanish c and o.
Salacot = salakot/ arao = araw

21. PRESENTIMENT OF DEATH Letter to del Pilar:
In my childhood I had a strange belief that I would not reach 30 years of age.
I am preparing myself for death.
Laong Laan (Ever Ready) is my true name.

22. RIZAL CRITICIZES MADRID FILIPINOS FOR GAMBLING
Rizal’s letter to del Pilar:
Coming to Europe to gamble and to amuse himself ?
but to work for his liberty and for the dignity of his race
We are serving the friars’ scheme
We in whom the poor people place their modest hopes.
The gambling Filipinos in Madrid:
were angry :Rizal’s moralizing
“Papa” (Pope) instead of “Pepe”

23. BAD NEWS FROM HOME The management of the Dominican Hacienda:
continually raised the land rents
The Dominican Order filed a suit in court :
to dispossess the Rizal family of their lands in Calamba.
Jose’s letter to Soledad
I have caused much harm to our family
raises us up and gives us more dignity in the eyes of our enemies
to fall with the head high
sad thing is to fall with the stain of dishonor

24. PREPARATION TO GO HOME He could not stay in Brussels writing a book:
while his family are persecuted
I want to go back to the Philippines
We are not making any progress by following prudence

25. DECISION TO GO TO MADRID
Something happened that suddenly made him change his plan.
letter from Paciano
lost the case against the Dominicans in Manila
but they appealed it to the Supreme Court in Spain
A lawyer was needed to handle it in Madrid
Rizal wrote to del Pilar:
retaining the latter’s services as lawyer.

26. ROMANCE WITH PETITE JACOBY
niece of his landladies
brought some measure of cheer to the despondent Rizal, as he was preparing for his trip to Madrid

27. CHAPTER 17: MISFORTUNES IN MADRID

28. FAILURE TO GET JUSTICE FOR FAMILY
Associacion Hispano-Filipina
securing justice for the oppressed Calamba tenants
Liberal Spanish Newspapers
injustices committed by Gov.- Gen.Weyler & the Dominicans
Minister of Colonies (Señor Fabie)
Nothing came out of Rizal’s interview with Minister Fabie
Sympathized with the Filipino cause
El Resumen (Spanish Newspaper)
Ejectment order by the Dominicans
parents had been forcibly ejected from their home
aid of the liberal Spanish statesmen
statesmen merely gave him honeyed words of sympathy and nothing else
Blumentritt urged Jose to see Queen Regent Maria Cristina
doesn’t have powerful friends to bring him to her nor gold to grease the palms of authorities

29. DUEL The duel was based on a code of honour.
Duels were fought not so much to kill the opponent as to gain "satisfaction,"
to restore one's honour by demonstrating a:
willingness to risk one's life for it

30. ABORTED DUEL WITH ANTONIO LUNA
Luna was blaming Rizal for his failure to win her
Because of jealousy and the effects of alcohol, Luna uttered certain unsavory remarks about Nellie
Angered by the slanderous remarks:
Jose challenged Luna to a duel.

31. RIZAL CHALLENGES RETANA TO DUEL
Wenceslao Retana:
Used to attack the Filipinos, including Rizal in various newspapers in Madrid
He wrote that the family and friends of Rizal had not paid their rents so that they were ejected from their lands
Rizal was insulted and challenged him to a duel
Retana apologized in the newspapers for he believed that discretion is better part of valor
Because of the incident, Retana developed a deep admiration for Jose
Retana wrote Jose’s biography and martyrdom

32. INFIDELITY OF LEONOR RIVERA
One night he and some friends attended a play at Teatro Apolo
The loss of the locket proved to be a bad omen
Rizal received a letter from Leonor, announcing:
her coming marriage to an Englishman

33. RIZAL-DEL PILAR RIVALRY
Jose’s idealism:
was not shared by others who loved wine, women, and cards
They resented Jose’s interference in their private lives
Filipinos decided that a leader called “Responsable” be voted
to direct the affairs of the Filipino community and to determine the editorial policy of the La Solidaridad
Del Pilar opposed the proposition
periodical be placed under the control of the Responsable on the ground that it was a private enterprise

34. RIZAL ABDICATES HIS LEADERSHIP
The Filipinos were divided into two hostile camps:
the Rizalistas and the Pilaristas
Jose obtained the necessary 2/3 vote and
became the Responsable
But Jose graciously declined the coveted position
than be the cause of disunity and bitterness among his countrymen

35. CHAPTER 18: BIARRITZ VACATION AND ROMANCE WITH NELLY BOUSTEAD

37. ROMANCE WITH NELLIE BOUSTEAD
Jose proposed marriage to Nellie (rebound love from Leonor)
Rizal’s marriage proposal failed for two reasons:
He refused to give up his catholic faith and be converted to Protestantism, as Nelly demanded
Nelly’s mother did not like Rizal as son-in-law

38. RIZAL STOPPED WRITING FOR LA SOLIDARIDAD
Simultaneous with his retirement from the Propaganda Movement
Rizal ceased writing articles for La Solidaridad
Del Pilar himself realized:
the need for Rizal’s collaboration in both the Propaganda Movement and in the La Solidaridad newspaper
Jose’s reply to del Pilar:
Rizal denied any resentment
He considered it very important to the party that there be unity in the work
More time to work on his novel (completed in Biarritz)
He wanted other Filipinos to work also