1. A SEMINAR ON NOx REDUCTION BY FUEL WATER EMULSION INJECTION
PRESENTED BY
SHAIK NAYEEM ABBAS
UNI:- 3KB04ME046
KBNCE

2. Introduction
The nitrogen oxide reduction technology based on fuel water emulsion injection (FWE), developed by MAN B&W Diesel.
More than 95 % of the world’s trade goes by sea and there are approximately 86,000 ocean going merchant ships. About 97 % of them are propelled by large-bore, highly supercharged diesel engines such as shown.

4. Formation of NOx
Nitrogen oxides (NOx) are formed when nitrogen (N2) and oxygen (O2) are combined at high temperatures and pressure during the combustion of fuel. All fuels, such as gasoline, diesel, biodiesel, propane, coal, and ethanol, emit NOx when burned.

5. Formation of NOx

6. Prompt NOx
Frequently observed in fuel-rich flames and at low temperatures.
Three possible sources:
Non-equilibrium nascent oxygen (O) and hydroxyl (OH) radical concentrations accelerate the rate of thermal NO mechanism.
Reactions of hydrocarbon radicals with molecular nitrogen
Reaction of nascent oxygen (O) with molecular nitrogen

7. Fuel NOx Form nitrogen bearing fuels such as certain coals and oil.
Can contribute upto 50% of total emissions when combusting oil
As much as 80% when combusting coal.

8. Thermal NOx Is highly temperature dependent.
Formed through high temperature oxidation of the diatomic nitrogen found in combustion air.

9. Properties of NOx: Gas Most nitrogen oxides are odorless
NO2 combined with particulate, appears reddish-brown (smog)

10. Harmful effects of NOx Aggravate asthmatic conditions
React with the Oxygen in the air to produce ozone
Form nitric acid when dissolved in water.
Cause acid rain
Form clouds of smog in the summer

11. Fuel Water Emulsion Injection

12. 1) Primary Method
Modification of combustion
Modification of Air intake system
Exhaust Gas Re-circulation
2) Secondary Method
Fuel Water Emulsion Injection
3) Pre treatment Method
Denitration of Fuel
Alternative Fuel

13. Principle Add water to a fuel
The evaporation of water reduces the temperature maximum in the combustion zone.
The formation of nitrogen oxides is decreased by reduced reaction rates
The actually required water flow is calculated as a function of power

14. Method of injection
Will provide an emulsified diesel fuel to the engine’s injector pump, with a water content from 0 to 40%.
Emulsification of the fuel is created mechanically in a fuel-mixing chamber.
Diesel pumped to the fuel-mixing chamber from the fuel tank where water is added to the fuel through a probe controlled by a microprocessor with controlling software.
Mechanical agitation technique results in the breakup of the water into small droplets that are dispersed throughout the diesel fuel, representing an emulsion.

15. Diesel engine

16. Combustion
When liquid is sprayed into a co-flowing air stream, the spray forms a jet inside the chamber.
The jet consists of evaporating liquid fuel droplets suspended in a hot environment.
Phase slip and temperature gradients exist between the droplets and the surrounding gas, leading to momentum, mass and energy transfer between the two phases.

17. Effect on Exhaust Emissions

18. %Reduction in NOx Vs Water

19. Effect In the engine
This technique involves injecting water using the same injector as the fuel, eliminates the need for an additional fuel injector.
Electronic fuel injection is required to control the injection.
Altering the fuel then water injection process, is likely to come at a significant extra cost.

20. Advantages Reduction of nitrogen oxide emissions
Reduction of soot emissions
Controlling of the water quantity by the engine parameters
Usable in stationary as well as mobile application

21. Disadvantages High initial cost Severe corrosion problem
Separate pump for the fuel and water are needed along with the modification to the fuel delivery line and in the injectors.

22. Conclusion-Water Fuel Emulsion
Water content to 20%:
15-38% NOx reduction
1-3% efficiency reduction
Smaller particles:
Promotes higher NOx reduction
Little effect on efficiency reduction
NOx reduction is a function of chamber and flame temperature.

23. References I.C.Engine By V.Ganeshan I.C.Engine By Rajput
Emulsion and Emulsion Stability by Johan Siojblom
Dynamics of emulsification and de emulsification of water in crude oil emission by Bhardwaj
MAN B&W Diesel A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
Emission Control

24. Any Questions..???????

25. THANK YOU