1. LOGO Dr. HABEEB HATTAB HABEEB Dr. HABEEB HATTAB HABEEB Office: BN-Block, Level-3, Room-088 Email: hbuni61@yahoo.com hbuni61@yahoo.com Ext. No.: 7292 UNITEN University TENAGA Nasional Lecturer: Dr. HABEEB ALANI

2. LOGO U niversity TENAGA National College Of Engineering Mechanical Department Academic Year – 2008-2009 Lecture Note UNITEN University TENAGA Nasional Lecturer: Dr. HABEEB ALANI

3. LOGO CAMCAM University TENAGA Nasional Lecturer: Dr. HABEEB ALANI Computer Aided Manufacturing UNITEN

4. LOGO UNITEN CAMCAM Computer Aided Manufacturing Engineering Design University TENAGA Nasional Lecturer: Dr. HABEEB ALANI

5. LOGO Engineering Design UNITEN Computer Aided Manufacturing  Engineering design is the partial realization of designers concept. Today's a designer usually cannot directly transform a concept into a physical product. Instead, the designer conveys his idea to others through an alternative medium, such as an engineering drawing, and then the manufacturing engineer or machinist produces the design ( Fig. 2.1 ). University TENAGA Nasional Lecturer: Dr. HABEEB ALANI

6. LOGO UNITEN Computer Aided Manufacturing Development of designer idea Idea Engineering Design Operation plan 1.Sawing 2.Turning 3.Milling 4.Grinding 5.Inspection Production Design Manufacture 123 4 ( Fig. 2.1 ) Evolution of product University TENAGA Nasional Lecturer: Dr. HABEEB ALANI

7. LOGO UNITEN Computer Aided Manufacturing Engineering design: Continued  Prior to the industrial revolution, if any one needed to use/ farmer tool for example, normally he will go to the blacksmith to fabricate this tool by using conventional methods. (why) because most tools were simple and did not require significant accuracy. Sometime blacksmith he don’t understand clearly, then the farmer will use the workshop wall as drawing paper to explain the real idea. University TENAGA Nasional Lecturer: Dr. HABEEB ALANI

8. LOGO UNITEN Computer Aided Manufacturing Engineering design: Continued Conventional Plough University TENAGA Nasional Lecturer: Dr. HABEEB ALANI

9. LOGO UNITEN Computer Aided Manufacturing  Nowadays product requirements and designs became more complex, (Fig.2.2) Engineering design: Continued University TENAGA Nasional Lecturer: Dr. HABEEB ALANI

10. LOGO UNITEN Computer Aided Manufacturing Engineering design: Continued (Fig. 2.2) University TENAGA Nasional Lecturer: Dr. HABEEB ALANI

11. LOGO UNITEN Computer Aided Manufacturing  A picture became necessary to relate the information to others. Multiview drawings have long been adopted by engineers as the standard tool to represent a design. With such drawings, design information can be passed from the designer to others who are well trained in reading the design drawing. The designer should be build very good background to provide the engineers and technicians clear designs and completed. Engineering design: Continued University TENAGA Nasional Lecturer: Dr. HABEEB ALANI

12. LOGO UNITEN Computer Aided Manufacturing Engineering design: Continued (Fig. 2.3) University TEAGA Nasional Lecturer: Dr. HABEEB ALANI

13. LOGO UNITEN Computer Aided Manufacturing - To present the engineering drawing there are several methods: there are several methods: Drafting on paper with pen or pencil. Drafting on paper with pen or pencil. Manual drafting is tedious. Manual drafting is tedious. Engineering design: Continued 1 Computer Aided Drafting CAD/ can Computer Aided Drafting CAD/ can improve drafting efficiency improve drafting efficiency 2 University TENAGA Nasional Lecturer: Dr. HABEEB ALANI

14. LOGO UNITEN Computer Aided Manufacturing Engineering design: Continued CAD Benefits Design is stored in a computer and retrieved when needed Built-in symbols, templates and tools Media display is available ( Screen, printer, plotter, LCD) Drafting is done in 2D & 3D included all Engineering specifications 1 2 3 4 University TENAGA Nasional Lecturer: Dr. HABEEB ALANI

15. LOGO UNITEN Computer Aided Manufacturing Design Drafting  Engineering drawing is an abstract universal language used to represent a designers idea to language used to represent a designers idea to others. It is the most accepted media of communication in all phases of industrial and engineering work. others. It is the most accepted media of communication in all phases of industrial and engineering work. University TENAGA Nasional Lecturer: Dr. HABEEB ALANI

16. LOGO UNITEN Computer Aided Manufacturing  Today pictorial drawings are still employed to supplement other design representations. supplement other design representations. The basic engineering drawing that uses The basic engineering drawing that uses orthographic projection provides a complete and unambiguous representation of a part or product. Fig. 2.4 illustrates the difference between perspective and orthographic projections. The perspective projection drawing in the figure uses two-point perspective. orthographic projection provides a complete and unambiguous representation of a part or product. Fig. 2.4 illustrates the difference between perspective and orthographic projections. The perspective projection drawing in the figure uses two-point perspective. Design Drafting University TENAGA Nasional Lecturer: Dr. HABEEB ALANI

17. LOGO UNITEN Computer Aided Manufacturing Design Drafting University TENAGA Nasional Lecturer: Dr. HABEEB ALANI Orthographic ProjectionPerspective Projection Perspective and orthographic Projections (Fig. 2.4)

18. LOGO UNITEN Computer Aided Manufacturing University TEAGA Nasional Lecturer: Dr. HABEEB ALANI  Most engineering drawings use isometric projection Fig. 2.5. Isometric projection uses orthographic projection to each projection plane. The projection planes are oriented in such away that each of axes 120˚ apart. The reduction in length on each axes is the same. Design Drafting

19. LOGO UNITEN Computer Aided Manufacturing Design Drafting University TENAGA Nasional Lecturer: Dr. HABEEB ALANI (Fig. 2.5)

20. LOGO UNITEN Computer Aided Manufacturing  In modern manufacturing industry, several types of drawings are acceptable. The standard Example: American standard (ANSI Y14), or ISO standard (128, 129, 3098 etc,)) is still the multiview drawing Fig. 2.6. Multiview drawing University TENAGA Nasional Lecturer: Dr. HABEEB ALANI

21. LOGO UNITEN Computer Aided Manufacturing Multiview drawing University TENAGA Nasional Lecturer: Dr. HABEEB ALANI (Fig. 2.6)

22. LOGO Front view Multiview Drawing Related Documents UNITEN Side view Top view  A multiview drawing usually contain two or three views…. (Front view, Top view, Side view) University TENAGA Nasional Lecturer: Dr. HABEEB ALANI

23. LOGO Related Documents UNITEN University TENAGA Nasional Lecturer: Dr. HABEEB ALANI UNITEN

24. LOGO UNITEN  US & CANADA, the third-angle projection is the system used. Fig. 2.7, In the figure the four quadrant of the Z-Y plane is called:  I angle  II angle  III angle  IV angle University TENAGA Nasional Lecturer: Dr. HABEEB ALANI Computer Aided Manufacturing

25. LOGO UNITEN  For the third-angle projection, always place the object in the 3 rd quadrant and project the object in the three planes. Done by projection the object onto: place the object in the 3 rd quadrant and project the object in the three planes. Done by projection the object onto:  Frontal  Horizontal  Profile …. planes …. planes  For the third-angle projection, always place the object in the 3 rd quadrant and project the object in the three planes. Done by projection the object onto: place the object in the 3 rd quadrant and project the object in the three planes. Done by projection the object onto:  Frontal  Horizontal  Profile …. planes …. planes University TENAGA Nasional Lecturer: Dr. HABEEB ALANI (Fig. 2.7) Computer Aided Manufacturing

26. LOGO UNITEN  The projection on the frontal X-Y plane is fixed, and the image is called the front view. The horizontal X-Y plane is rotated 90° clockwise on the X-axis, the result is a top view of the object. The profile Y-Z plane is rotated 90° clockwise about the Y-axis, to obtain a right- hand side view. University TENAGA Nasional Lecturer: Dr. HABEEB ALANI Computer Aided Manufacturing

27. LOGO UNITEN Computer Aided Manufacturing  When a symmetrical object is drafted / Two views are sufficient to present it. (Hence the third view is typically omitted) Fig. 2.9. Partial View -Two View Drawing of a Cap University TENAGA Nasional Lecturer: Dr. HABEEB ALANI (Fig. 2.9)

28. LOGO UNITEN Computer Aided Manufacturing  A partial view can be used to substitute for one of the two views Fig. 2.10 Partial View (Fig. 2.10)  Sectional and auxiliary views are also commonly used to present part detail. Sectional views, like that depicted Fig. 2.10, are extremely useful in displaying the detailed design of a complicated internal configuration. University TENAGA Nasional Lecturer: Dr. HABEEB ALANI

29. LOGO UNITEN Computer Aided Manufacturing Partial View  When a major surface is inclined to all three projection planes, a translation of the picture is seen, a circle becomes an ellipse. In that case, an auxiliary plane that is parallel to the major surface, like that in Fig. 2.11, can be used to display an undistorted view. University TENAGA Nasional Lecturer: Dr. HABEEB ALANI (Fig. 2.11)

30. LOGO UNITEN Computer Aided Manufacturing  A drawing is expected to convey a complete description of every detail of a part. o Dimensions convey the required size. o Tolerances convey the required precision.  Dimensioning basic rules of American national Standards Institute (ANSI) as following: o Show enough dimensions. o State each dimension clearly. Dimensioning and Tolerancing University TENAGA Nasional Lecturer: Dr. HABEEB ALANI

31. LOGO UNITEN Computer Aided Manufacturing o Show the dimensions between points, lines, or surfaces. o Select and arrange dimensions to avoid accumulations of tolerances. o Show each dimension only ones. o Specify the dimensions, In order to provide materials, parts, gauges etc… marks and labels. Dimensioning and Tolerancing Cont……. University TENAGA Nasional Lecturer: Dr. HABEEB ALANI

32. LOGO UNITEN Computer Aided Manufacturing Drawing information very important for who will use or read the drawing which affect to choice of the following: Processes. Processes. Fixtures. Fixtures. Machine required. Machine required. Dimensioning and Tolerancing Cont……. University TENAGA Nasional Lecturer: Dr. HABEEB ALANI

33. LOGO UNITEN Computer Aided Manufacturing - Dimensioning of circle use either dia. added to the end of the dimension value or the symbol ø added in front of the dimension value. For the specification of a radius an (R) is added in front of the dimension value. : - Dimensioning of circle use either dia. added to the end of the dimension value or the symbol ø added in front of the dimension value. For the specification of a radius an (R) is added in front of the dimension value. : Dimensioning and Tolerancing Cont……. Example --- University TENAGA Nasional Lecturer: Dr. HABEEB ALANI

34. LOGO UNITEN Computer Aided Manufacturing Main features of basic dimension: oTwo extension lines. oDimension line. oDimension value. Dimensioning University TENAGA Nasional Lecturer: Dr. HABEEB ALANI Extension lines Dimension line Dimension value

35. LOGO UNITEN Computer Aided Manufacturing Basic rules of dimensioning: Dimensions should be unambiguous and clearly.Dimensions should be unambiguous and clearly. Dimensions should be complete, with none missing.Dimensions should be complete, with none missing. There should be no redundancy; each dimension should be shown only once.There should be no redundancy; each dimension should be shown only once. Dimensioning Example --- University TENAGA Nasional Lecturer: Dr. HABEEB ALANI

36. LOGO Dimension elements…. UNITEN Computer Aided Manufacturing University TENAGA Nasional Lecturer: Dr. HABEEB ALANI

37. LOGO Dimensions are used to show an object’s: 1.Overall: Width Depth Height 2.The actual size of features (rounds, fillets, holes, arcs, etc.) Dimensions are used to show an object’s: 1.Overall: Width Depth Height 2.The actual size of features (rounds, fillets, holes, arcs, etc.) UNITEN Computer Aided Manufacturing University TENAGA Nasional Lecturer: Dr. HABEEB ALANI

38. LOGO 3.And where features are located such as centers, angles, etc. UNITEN Computer Aided Manufacturing University TENAGA Nasional Lecturer: Dr. HABEEB ALANI

39. LOGO Dimensions should be stacked in a “broken chain” format. “Breaking the Chain” refers to leaving out one dimension as shown above so that manufacturing tolerances are maintained. UNITEN Computer Aided Manufacturing University TENAGA Nasional Lecturer: Dr. HABEEB ALANI

40. LOGO -As a general rule…Stay off the object as much as possible. UNITEN Computer Aided Manufacturing University TENAGA Nasional Lecturer: Dr. HABEEB ALANI

41. LOGO -Extension lines can be shared and even broken to clarify crowded dimensions. UNITEN Computer Aided Manufacturing University TENAGA Nasional Lecturer: Dr. HABEEB ALANI

42. LOGO -Some features are dimensioned from their center lines. -The center line may also be used as an extension line. UNITEN Computer Aided Manufacturing University TENAGA Nasional Lecturer: Dr. HABEEB ALANI

43. LOGO - Leader with dimension for one hole used to show all cylinders (holes). - The leader should always be placed to penetrate the center of all round features. UNITEN Computer Aided Manufacturing University TENAGA Nasional Lecturer: Dr. HABEEB ALANI

44. LOGO Features such as counterbores, countersinks and spot faces are all dimensioned using a leader. Note: Each of these features has a special dimensioning symbol that can be used to show: a. Diameter b. Shape c. Depth UNITEN Computer Aided Manufacturing University TENAGA Nasional Lecturer: Dr. HABEEB ALANI

45. LOGO - Arcs are always dimensioned as a radius. Full circles are dimensioned showing their diameter value. UNITEN Computer Aided Manufacturing University TENAGA Nasional Lecturer: Dr. HABEEB ALANI

46. LOGO - When dimensioning a part, always start with the inner-most dimensions and work to the outer- most values. Remember: Dimensions are used to show both the size and location of features. UNITEN Computer Aided Manufacturing University TENAGA Nasional Lecturer: Dr. HABEEB ALANI

47. LOGO - Always dimension features clear. - Drawing lines clear Remember…. NEVER, NEVER, NEVER dimension to hidden lines! UNITEN Computer Aided Manufacturing University TENAGA Nasional Lecturer: Dr. HABEEB ALANI

48. LOGO University TENAGA Nasional Lecturer: Dr. HABEEB ALANI UNITEN