1. Installation Overview Lab#2 1Hanin Abdulrahman

2. Installing Ubuntu Linux is the process of copying operating system files from a CD, DVD, or USB flash drive to hard disk(s) on a system and setting up configuration files so that Linux runs properly on the hardware. Types of installations: Fresh installations Upgrades from older releases of Ubuntu Linux Dual-boot installations. 2Hanin Abdulrahman

3. Planning the Installation Requirements ◦ Hardware  You can view Ubuntu’s list of compatible and supported hardware at wiki.ubuntu.com/HardwareSupport. ◦ RAM (memory)  An extremely minimal textual (command-line system requires 48 megabytes of RAM.  Installing Ubuntu from a live session requires 256 megabytes 3Hanin Abdulrahman

4. ◦ CPU  Ubuntu Linux requires a minimum of a 200-megahertz Pentium-class processor ◦ Hard disk space  The amount of hard disk space Ubuntu requires depends on which edition of Ubuntu Linux you install, which packages you install, how many languages you install, and how much space you need for user data (your files). ◦ BIOS  Setup Modern computers can be set up to boot from a CD/DVD, hard disk, or USB flash drive. ◦ CMOS  CMOS is the persistent memory that stores hardware configuration information. To change the BIOS setup, you need to edit the information stored in CMOS. 4Hanin Abdulrahman

5. Processor Architecture Ubuntu CDs and DVDs hold programs compiled to run on a specific processor architecture (class of processors, or CPUs). help.ubuntu.com/community/ProcessorAr ch for a detailed list of processors in each architecture. 5Hanin Abdulrahman

6. Ubuntu Releases The company that supports Ubuntu, distributes a new release about every six months. Each release has both a number and a name. The number comprises the last one or two digits of the year and the two digits of the month of the release. For example, the 9.10 release was released in October 2009. 6Hanin Abdulrahman

7. Ubuntu Editions Each Ubuntu release disk is called an edition. For example : DVD, Desktop CD, Server CD.. Etc. 7Hanin Abdulrahman

8. Installing a Fresh Copy or Upgrading an Existing Ubuntu System? Clean install ◦ An installation, sometimes referred to as a clean install, writes all fresh data to a disk. The installation program overwrites all system programs and data as well as the kernel. ◦ Alternatively, you can perform a clean install on an existing system without overwriting data by setting up a dual-boot system 8Hanin Abdulrahman

9. Upgrade ◦ An upgrade replaces all installed software packages with the most recent version available on the new release. ◦ During an upgrade, the installation program preserves both system configuration and user data files. ◦ An upgrade brings utilities that are present in the old release up-to-date and installs new utilities. 9Hanin Abdulrahman

10. Setting Up the Hard Disk Free space ◦ The area of a partitioned disk that is not occupied by partitions. A partition, or slice, ◦ is a logical section of a hard disk that has a device name, such as /dev/sda1. ◦ For normal use, you must create at least one partition on a hard disk 10Hanin Abdulrahman

11. Filesystems ◦ When the Ubuntu installer creates a partition, it automatically writes a filesystem to the partition. ◦ Ubuntu Linux typically creates ext4 filesystems for data. ◦ Windows uses FAT16, FAT32, and NTFS filesystems. Partition table ◦ A partition table holds information about the partitions on a hard disk 11Hanin Abdulrahman

12. Primary, Extended, and Logical Partitions At most, a disk can hold four primary partitions. You can divide one (and only one) of these primary partitions into multiple logical partitions; this divided primary partition is called an extended partition. 12Hanin Abdulrahman

13. Mount Points A filesystem on a partition holds no information about where it will be mounted in the directory hierarchy. When you use the installer to create most partitions, you specify the: ◦ Type of filesystem to be written to the partition ◦ name of a directory that Ubuntu associates with the partition. (such as /usr/local, which is frequently used as a mount point). 13Hanin Abdulrahman

14. Partitioning a Disk Guided Partitioning It can be difficult to plan partition sizes appropriately if you are not familiar with Linux. During installation, Ubuntu provides guided partitioning. Without asking any questions, guided partitioning divides the portion into two partitions. ◦ One partition is the swap partition, which can be any size from512 megabytes to 2 or more gigabytes. ◦ The other partition is designated as / (root) and contains the remainder of the disk space. 14Hanin Abdulrahman

15. Manual Partitioning: Planning Partitions If you decide to manually partition the hard disk and set up partitions other than a root partition (/) and a swap partition, first consider which kinds of activities will occur under each top-level subdirectory. Hanin Abdulrahman15

16. Installing Ubuntu Linux Installing Ubuntu Linux Note: Don’t try the following way for installation, wait for the next lab. Hanin Abdulrahman16

17. Installing Ubuntu Linux Installing Ubuntu Linux Step 1 : Insert the ubuntu cd in the cd drive and boot the computer from cd. 17Hanin Abdulrahman

18. Step 2 : Now you will see ubuntu menu, you can choose Try ubuntu without installing option to try ubuntu without actually installing it on your hard drive. For installing ubuntu choose the second optionInstall Ubuntu. Hanin Abdulrahman18

19. Step 3 : Ubuntu will start now initialize and after few minutes you can see the installation wizard. Hanin Abdulrahman19

20. Step 4 : Click Forward and it will check the minimum requirements for running ubuntu on your PC. If everything is fine you can see green colored tick marks. Hanin Abdulrahman20

21. Step 5 : Now you can choose either erase and use entire disk option or specify partitions manually option. Hanin Abdulrahman21

22. Select free space and click on Add option to create a new partition and choose partition type as primary, size around 70% of the free space available or choose anything like 10,000 or 20,000mb, use as ext3 journaling file system and select mount point as /. Hanin Abdulrahman22

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24. Now again select free space from the table and click add option. Now select size to be around 300mb, use as ext3 journaling file system and select mount point as /boot. Hanin Abdulrahman24

25. Now again select free space from the table and click add option. Now select size to be around twice the size of your ram that is around 1000 mb if your ram size is 512mb and select use as swap area and click ok. Hanin Abdulrahman25

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27. Step 6 : Click Install now button and then the wizard will ask you location. Select your location and click forward. Step 7 : While you are selecting these options wizard will continue to copy files. Now select your desired keyboard layout and click forward. Step 8 : Now fill in the details about yourself. Fill your name, computer name, choose a username and create a password and click forward and let ubuntu copy all the essential files. Step 9 : After all files have been copied and installed ubuntu will display a message saying that installation complete and click on restart button to restart your computer. Remove the cd from the cd drive. Hanin Abdulrahman27

28. Step 10 : After restarting your pc wait for the ubuntu to load and then it will display the login screen. Choose the user and enter password and click login. Hanin Abdulrahman28

29. Windows and GNU/Linux Windows must be installed into a primary partition (and in older systems this must be the first partition). Linux can be installed into a partition in any position on the hard drive and can also be installed into logical partitions (within the extended partition). If Linux is installed into a logical partition within the extended partition, it is unaffected by changes in the primary partitions.extended partition Hanin Abdulrahman29

30. Setting Up a Dual-Boot System A dual-boot system is one that can boot one of two (or more) operating systems. Hanin Abdulrahman30

31. Creating Free Space on a Windows System Add a new hard disk Use existing free space ◦ but there is rarely enough free space Resize Windows partitions Remove a Windows partition ◦ If you can delete a big enough Windows partition, you can install Linux in its place. ◦ To delete a Windows partition, you must have multiple partitions under Windows and be willing to lose the data in the partition you delete. ◦ For more see page 76,77 Hanin Abdulrahman31

32. References : A Practical Guide to Ubuntu Linux THIRD EDITION Hanin Abdulrahman32