1. Why do babies develop attachments? Lesson Four

2. Starter: The Continuity Hypothesis The types of relationships people have later on in their lives will be influenced by their first relationships with their caregivers Secure children will develop a positive working model of themselves, based on their feelings of security from being well cared for Avoidant children will have a primary caregiver who is inconsistent and the children have negative self image and exaggerate their emotional responses.

3. Hazan and Shaver (1987) ‘Is love in adulthod directly related to the attachment type as a child?’ Put a ‘love quiz’ in their local N American paper asking people to write in about Which of three descriptions best applied their feelings/experiences about romantic relationships A simple adjective checklist describing their childhood relationship with their parents

4. Example sentences

5. Findings Two groups of people: 1.215 men, 415 women randomly selected from responses 2.108 undergraduates at university Found a strong relationship between childhood attachment type and adult attachment type

6. What type of attachment? Secure – expressed a belief in lasting love, trusted others and were confident that they were loving Anxious avoidant – doubted the existence of love, didn’t feel that a relationship was needed to get lots out of life Anxious ambivalent – fell in love easily but rarely found true love. Felt insecure

7. Further support Page 55 of Nelson Thornes book Black and Schutte study o What was their sample? o What were their three measures? o What was special about those who recalled positive and loving relationships with their mothers? o What about their fathers?

8. Evaluating evidence Both Black and Schutte’s study and Hazan and Shaver’s study relies on asking young people their opinions about their relationships with their parents Give two problems with this Give one alternative way that the researchers could have investigated this

9. Evaluation of Evolutionary Theory The existence of the critical period – what about those who are adopted? Monotropy – why do we bond with our grandparents and fathers then? What about children of divorce? Many overcome negative childhood experiences to have ‘normal’ adult lives Ignores the importance of dad This is a theory, not a factual study!! BUT it is very influential, and still used today

10. Plenary 1.Outline the learning theory explanation of attachments 2.Give one piece of evidence which contradicts this explanation of attachment 3.Outline Bowlby’s theory of attachment 4.Give on piece of evidence for and one against this theory 5.What are the main differences between the learning theory and the evolutionary theory?