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ATTRACTION AND CLOSE RELATIONSHIPS Chapter 9
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Desire to establish and maintain social contact with other Need for Affiliation
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Factors that Influence Affiliation Needs Evolution Biology Culture Gender
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Loneliness A feeling of deprivation about existing social relations Shyness
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Situational Factors that Trigger Affiliation Needs The Proximity Effect Familiarity The mere exposure effect Anxiety Schachter’s anxiety research
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Physical Attractiveness Bias for beauty is pervasive What-is-beautiful-is-good stereotype: Tendency to associate physical attractiveness with other desirable qualities.
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Physical Attractiveness Beauty is an objective quality.
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Physical Attractiveness Beauty is a subjective quality.
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Situational factors influencing perceptions of beauty
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First Encounters Liking other who are similar Demographics Attitudes Bryne’s Two Step Model of Attraction
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First Encounters Liking others who are similar Physical attractiveness The matching hypothesis The complementarity hypothesis Reciprocity
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Mate Selection Evolutionary PerspectiveSociocultural Perspective
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Figure 9.6: Evolutionary Mate Preferences: Theory and Practice
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Intimate Relationships Social exchange theory
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Intimate Relationships Equity Theory Your Benefits = Your Partner’s Benefits Your Contributions Your Partner’s Contributions
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Types of Relationships Exchange vs Communal Attachment styles Anxious Avoidant Secure
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Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love
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Passionate Love Romantic love characterized by high arousal, intense attraction and fear of rejection. Excitation transfer: the process whereby arousal caused by one stimulus is added to the arousal from a second stimulus and the combined arousal is attributed to the second stimulus.
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Companionate Love A secure, trusting, stable partnership. Is the diminution of passion genetically pre- determined? Self-disclosure: sharing intimate facts and feeling.
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From a Sliver to a Wedge Theory of Social Penetration
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Relationship Issues The Marriage Trajectory
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Lucas, Clark & Diener (2003): 15 year study of over 24,000 individuals living in Germany Are married people happier than unmarried people?
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The Gottman Relationship Institute: http://www.gottman.com/49847/The-Love-Lab.html#sf http://www.gottman.com/49847/The-Love-Lab.html#sf John Gottman
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