1. IFIP WG 8.3 Task force on Learning from Case Studies in Decision Making and Decision Support Designing case studies for teaching: complexity in small doses Fergal Carton, UCC Thursday, 2 nd April, 2009

2. Designing case studies for teaching Understanding decision processes in practice But reality of business is complex Case studies offer experiential learning Action oriented cases with student participation Students learn to appreciate complexity Blending of practice with teaching case Customisation to purpose is vital Learning to live with uncertainty

3. Objective: understand importance of information to business Decision making relies on data Difficulty perceiving value of data (boring!) Set-up teaching case (Hans, Cucina, …) Aim: build prototype system on seed data Use mentors to add detail Groups assimilate detail differently Present prototype to mentors (2-way learning) Blending teaching case with practice

4. Learning through participation As system architects, students must understand impact of business context on underlying data Key is understanding business complexity Learning is enacted with building the system

5. Building the case Developed around existing business –Knowledge of business, products, customers –Contact with Arbutus breads and market leader (Cuisine de France) –Key competitive strategy: accurate invoicing –Simplified information flows (# products, prices, inventory, …) –Real data used (products, customers, …) Kicked off and ended with mentor input

6. Arbutus Breads, Cork Quality products, no additives, traditional ingredients and methods Fighting “breakfast-roll” Ireland Fighting Cuisine de France pseudo bread Quality fresh bread as convenience food In-store bakeries for par-baked products

7. Visit from Declan Ryan, 4 th Feb 09 Cost of sales / distribution –€50 per day per vehicle Use slack capacity for par-baked products (blast frozen, then deep freeze) –distributed by Odeus Foods Dublin –sold in Roscommon! Giving the health inspector the “willies” Top-up and tweak orders during the day Make to order, no surplus, Big customer on sale or return basis, allows some flexibility for rush orders Country markets key to business (Mahon, Midleton) –Cash flow –Talk to customers, educate them –Revenue weather dependent Health aspect key selling point Using 2 tonnes of flour a week, keep 0.25 tonne in reserve per week Supplier orders passed manually, 3 calls a week 25% of costs are labour (Ireland average is 11%) Good Food Ireland co-op

8. Cucina Ltd Artisan business baking Italian bread Local distribution network Service station is rapidly growing sector Competing on quality and efficiency Accuracy of invoicing is seen as critical

9. Requirements from case Students asked to develop a prototype : –Purchases –Sales –Inventory –Production scheduling –Management reporting eg. aged debt report Mix of accounting and IS skills required

10. Students given Case study Data Kick-off from Arbutus Breads Fortnightly meetings with Cucina board Access to expert advice

11. Seed data based on real business Customers Recipe Materials Products

12. Dynamic data extrapolated Sales orders

13. Project deliverables Analysis and design documentation –Process flow diagrams –Data dictionaries –Reports Prototypes (two draft, one final) Project documentation Commercial presentation (20 th March)

14. Trading off detail for creativity Production planning: manual Inventory managed by system Interface to accounting package Rush orders Commit date for customers (real-time check) Assumptions link data to decisions

15. Examples of over simplification No drop down box for customers No auto-numbers on invoices / orders No link from sales order to invoice … Students learn what is needed by making mistakes

16. Decision support for SME’s Customer views of information separate Integration to A/C’s package, VAT returns Pricing: invoice price and real price! Material cost change: margin impact Distribution cost: uneconomic business Large multiple business: breakeven point Living with complexity, no simple answers

17. Feedback from student This project made us adopt a “can do” attitude which motivated us to see new things as challenges and go beyond the notions described in lectures. It points out that learning through projects is much more effective, motivating and useful rather than other types of testing. It encouraged us to learn much more than we were asked to, put it into practice and, finally, test it.

18. Conclusions Case studies can be action oriented Mentors adds real life complexity Fictional case allows tweaking of purpose Trade off between assumptions and detail Role play circumvents lack of experience Case study can be a forum for learning