1. ELECTIONS

2. SENATE Originally chosen by State Legislatures Problem
Deadlocked legislatures
Corruption

3. SENATE Now elected by popular vote (17th Amendment, 1913)
took 87 years
referendums earlier

4. PRESIDENT Beginning of term--20th Amendment (1933)
Electoral College compromise

5. ELECTORAL COLLEGE Number per state--Representatives + 2 Appointment
Originally--State Legislatures
Now--by popular vote

6. ELECTORAL COLLEGE Counting--Congress Top vote getter is President
#2 is Vice President
No majority
-House picks
One vote per state
Virginia
Rhode Island

7. 12th AMENDMENT (1804) Problems Solution  Adams and Jefferson in 1796
Jefferson and Burr in 1800
Solution
Each elector votes for a President and a Vice President
BALLOT 
Bush
Cheney

8. ELECTORAL COLLEGE PROBLEMS
Electoral vs. Popular Vote
1824--Jackson and John Q Adams
Jackson won popular vote & electoral
The “Corrupt Bargain”

9. ELECTORAL COLLEGE PROBLEMS
1876--Tilden and Hayes
Tilden won popular vote
Disputed votes to Hayes
1888--Cleveland and Harrison
Cleveland won popular vote
Harrison won electoral vote

10. Winner-Take-All Close elections become landslides
Clinton in 1992
43% of popular
69% of electoral
3rd parties disadvantaged
Perot in 1992
20% of popular
No electoral votes

11. ELECTORAL COLLEGE TODAY
538 electors
23rd Amendment gave D.C. 3 electors (1960)
270 to win

12. ELECTORAL COLLEGE TODAY25
Bush vs. Gore in 2000: Florida
Bush vs. Kerry in 2004: Ohio
Popular
Electoral
Bush
50,456,062
275
Gore
50,996,582
263
Nader
2,858,843

13. ELECTORAL COLLEGE TODAY
Why not abolish electoral college?

14. Voting Procedure Reforms
Hanging chads
Touch screen voting machines