1. Theodore Roosevelt William Howard Taft Woodrow Wilson

3. Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal 1902 Coal Strike: –Miners in PA 20% pay raise 9 hr. day union –T.R. called both sides to White House to negotiate –Threatened to take over mines –Legislation: none

4. Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal Trusts: –“Good” v. “Bad” trusts –Filed suits under Sherman Antitrust Act Railroad, beef, oil, tobacco and others –Ordered Justice Dept. to sue Northern Securities Company NSC est. monopoly over Northwestern Railroads –Legislation: Sherman Antitrust Act –Trustbuster

5. Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal Unregulated Big Business: –Strengthened the Interstate Commerce Act –Fought for passage of : Elkins Act Hepburn Act –Legislation: Interstate Commerce Act, Elkins Act, and Hepburn Act

6. Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal Dangerous Foods and Medicine: –Appointed a commission to study the meatpacking industry. –Legislation: Meat Inspection Act Pure Food and Drug Act

7. Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal Shrinking Wilderness and Natural Resources: –Promoted conservation of natural resources –Set aside thousands of acres of forest reserves –Water-power sites –Wilderness sanctuaries –National parks –Pinchot to head U.S. Forest Services –Irrigation projects –Legislation: National Reclamation Act (Newlands Act)

8. William Howard Taft

9. Progressivism Under Taft Support: –Conservatives Opposed progressivism Opposed Roosevelt Opposed low tariffs Favored business

10. Progressivism Under Taft Opposed: –Progressives opposed Taft b/c he: Signed and defended Payne-Aldrich Tariff Seemed to oppose conservation Supported conservative boss Joseph Cannon

11. Progressivism Under Taft Progressives: –Progressive or Bull Moose Party Conservatives: –Republican Party

12. Progressivism Under Taft Progressive- Theodore Roosevelt Republican- William Howard Taft Democratic- Woodrow Wilson Socialist- Eugene Debs

13. Progressivism Under Taft Progressive: Supported govt. action to supervise big business, but did not oppose all big business monopolies. Republican: Favored business, but fought to break up trusts. Democratic: Supported small business and free market competition; thought that all big business monopolies were evil. Socialist: Felt that big business was evil and that the solution involved doing away with capitalism and distributing wealth more equally among the people.

14. Progressivism Under Taft Payne-Aldrich Tariff: –Set of tax regulations (1909) –Goal: Lower tariffs –Failed to significantly reduce tariffs on manufactured goods

15. Wilson’s New Freedom

16. Federal Trade Act: –Set up Federal Trade Commission w/ power to investigate both possible legal violations by corporations & unfair business practices –Had power to issue orders to “cease and desist” unfair practices

17. Wilson’s New Freedom Clayton Antitrust Act: –Strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act by declaring certain business practices illegal –Freed labor unions and farm organizations from antitrust laws –Prohibited most injunctions against strikers

18. Wilson’s New Freedom Underwood Tariff: –Substantially reduced tariff rates for the first time since the Civil War Sixteenth Amendment: –Legalized a federal income tax

19. Wilson’s New Freedom Federal Reserve Act: –Established the Federal Reserve System A decentralized private banking system under federal control

20. Wilson’s New Freedom Wilson Retreats on Civil Rights: –Opposed federal anti-lynching legislation –Appointed segregationists to his cabinet –Failed to oppose the resegregation of federal offices

21. Wilson’s New Freedom New developments that brought success of female suffrage movement: –Increased activism of local and grass roots groups –Use of bold new strategies to build enthusiasm for the movement –Regeneration of the national movement under Carrie Chapman Catt