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2. Kurt Engeleiter Product Manager
Using Automatic Workload Repository for Database Tuning: Tips for Expert DBAs
Kurt Engeleiter
Product Manager

3. The following is intended to outline our general product direction
The following is intended to outline our general product direction. It is intended for information purposes only, and may not be incorporated into any contract. It is not a commitment to deliver any material, code, or functionality, and should not be relied upon in making purchasing decisions. The development, release, and timing of any features or functionality described for Oracle’s products remains at the sole discretion of Oracle.

4. Oracle Enterprise Manager Top-Down, Integrated Application Management
Complete, Open, Integrated Management for Oracle Technologies
Deep, Optimized, Best of Breed
Database, Middleware, Packaged Applications, Physical and Virtual Infrastructure
Business Centric, Top Down Application Management
Complete Lifecycle Management
Scalable Grid and Cloud Management
Manage many as one
I would like to start with a quick review of Oracle Enterprise Manager. For all of you here in this room, applications are key IT and enterprise assets. If you are on the business side, they provide productivity and automation for your business processes. If you are on the IT side, well, you are constantly watching over them – as a DBA, or as an application administrator etc. and we know hard a job that is. Oracle Enterprise Manager provides you a unique top-down approach for managing applications. Lets take a quick look to see why you should care.
Oracle Enterprise Managers provides the most comprehensive, deep, and best of breed management for Oracle products. It manages the complete IT stack - all the way from packaged applications (EBS, Siebel, PSFT,etc.) to middleware and database in both physical and virtual environments. Oracle Enterprise Manager has unparalleled and deep understanding of Oracle technologies, which allows us to provide intelligent and unique solutions designed to maximize quality of service and minimize cost and complexity. No body understands Oracle better than Oracle Enterprise Manager!
While Oracle Enterprise Manager’s core strength is managing Oracle ecosystem, it is not a closed solution. A rich set of plug-ins allow it to monitor and manage large number of non-Oracle products – including MS SQL Server, IBM Websphere, EMC Symmetrix, F5 BIG-IP, etc.
Oracle Enterprise Manager also features a rich set of cross-tier management solutions spanning applications, middleware, database and infrastructure layers. This enables a unique "top-down" management approach which allows Information Technology (IT) departments to focus on what matters to the business - greater agility, better service quality and lower operational costs. Using Oracle Enterprise Manager, you can manage your applications from a top-down perspective - from monitoring service levels to proactively isolating business exceptions before they escalate, and remediating issues at any level of the IT stack.
The breadth of management solution is another hallmark of Enterprise Manager. It provides a complete and integrated lifecycle management solution, including testing, provisioning, patching, monitoring, day to day administration, performance and configuration management.
Finally, Oracle Enterprise Manager is a key enabler of Oracle’s Grid and Cloud Computing solutions. It provides capabilities to manage large number of systems with the same ease of use as a single system. Groups of machines and targets can be managed as a single entity (using its systems, services functionality), thereby providing a scalable management framework to make the concept of grid/cloud computing a practical reality.

5. <Insert Picture Here>
Agenda
<Insert Picture Here>
Automatic Workload Repository Infrastructure
Out of the box AWR reports
Active Reports 5

6. Automatic Workload Repository (AWR )
Built-in, automatic performance statistics data warehouse
ADDM finds top problems
MMON
SYSAUX
AWR Data BG
In-memory statistics …
7:00 a.m.
Snapshot 1 BG
8:00 a.m.
Eight days
AWR Statistics
Snapshot 2
ASH
9:00 a.m. FG
10:00 a.m.
Snapshot 3 P …
Snapshot 4 FG
SGA V$
DBA_HIST%
DBA

7. Wall-Clock (Elapsed) Time
Fundamental Concepts
DB Time
Total time in database calls by foreground sessions
Includes CPU time, IO time and non-idle wait time
DB Time <> response time
Total DB time = sum of DB time for all active sessions
Goal: To Reduce Total DB time
Active Session
Session currently spending time in a database call, i.e., accruing DB time
Average Active Sessions
Average Active Sessions is a key metric for measuring DB load =
Wall-Clock (Elapsed) Time
DB Time

8. Wall-Clock (Elapsed) Time
Multiple Sessions
Total DB Time = Sum of DB Time Over All Sessions
Avg. Active Sessions = Sum of Avg. Activity Over All Sessions
Wall-Clock (Elapsed) Time
Total Database Time = t
At time t we have 2 active sessions
User 1
User 2
User 3
User n
TIME
= time spent in database

9. AWR Data 9 Time Model Wait Model SQL statement statistics OS Stats
Commit
Time Model
v$sys_time_model => dba_hist_sys_time_model
DB Time
Automatic Tracking of Operation Times
Overall parse time (hard, soft, failed,..)
SQL, PLSQL and Java overall execution times
Wait Model
v$system_event => dba_hist_system_event
Wait Events Categorized Based On Solution Area
More than 900 different wait events. 12 wait classes (Application, Concurrency..)
SQL statement statistics
v$sqlstats => dba_hist_sqlstat
Resource Usage: Executions, Physical Reads, Physical Writes
Efficient Top SQL identification using deltas in the kernel
OS Stats
v$osstat => dba_hist_osstat
CPU + Memory
CPU
Application
User I/O 9

10. AWR Data Snapshots DBA_HIST_SNAPSHOT Tracks Snapshots in the AWR
When querying AWR, always join to other tables to constrain the time frame 10

11. AWR Data 11

12. Active Session History (ASH)
ASH is session level data
Active sessions are sampled and persisted in-memory
Sampling interval = 1 second
V$ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
Foreground and background sessions are sampled
On-disk persistence
DBA_HIST_ACTIVE_SESS_HISTORY
ASH is a system-wide trace of what happened
ASH is a many-dimensional FACT table
Dimensions are V$SESSION columns
Fact is that DB time was accumulating over these dimensions

13. Query for Tom Kyte Books
Active Session History (ASH)
Query for Tom Kyte Books
Browse and
Read
Reviews
Add item to cart
Checkout using
‘one-click’
DB Time
WAITING
State
db file sequential read
qa324jffritcf
213
7:38:26
Event
SQL ID
Module
SID
Time
CPU
aferv5desfzs5
Get review id
7:42:35
log file sync
abngldf95f4de
One click
7:52:33
buffer busy wait
hk32pekfcbdfr
Add to cart
7:50:59
Book by author

14. ASH Session State Objects Every snapshot or out of space AWR
V$SESSION
V$SESSION_WAIT
V$ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
DBA_HIST_ACTIVE_SESS_HISTORY
Session
State
Objects
Every snapshot
or out of space
AWR
MMON Lite (MMNL)
The CBS Method (“Click on the Big Stuff method”)
Shows ASH samples for the selected wait class
Answers the “who” and “what” of the problem
Who is slowing up the system?
What is that person doing?
Circular buffer in SGA

15. AWR and ASH in Enterprise Manager
The CBS Method (“Click on the Big Stuff method”)
Shows ASH samples for the selected wait class
Answers the “who” and “what” of the problem
Who is slowing up the system?
What is that person doing?

16. Top Activity

17. SQL Details

18. Demo
Active Session Widget

19. <Insert Picture Here>
Agenda
<Insert Picture Here>
Automatic Workload Repository Infrastructure
Out of the box AWR reports
Active Reports 19

20. AWR Reporting Resources
Enterprise Manager is the preferred way to view and analyze AWR and ASH data
In addition, predefined AWR html reports are provided in each Oracle database release
Each report has a specific function and use case
The following slides show the major reports and their use cases
give details – what are each report 20

21. AWR Reporting Resources
Available in
Enterprise Manager
$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin
REPORT NAME
SQL Script
Automatic Workload Repository Report
awrrpt.sql
Automatic Database Diagnostics Monitor Report
addmrpt.sql
ASH Report
ashrpt.sql
AWR Diff Periods Report
awrddrpt.sql
AWR Single SQL Statement Report
awrsqrpt.sql
AWR Global Report
awrgrpt.sql
AWR Global Diff Report
awrgdrpt.sql
give details – what are each report
11gR2 21

22. How do I read an AWR report?

23. AWR Report
The AWR report is the most well known performance report.
Oracle tuning professionals frequently start their analysis with this report.
AWR report contains much data – but contains no concrete recommendations for action. 23

24. Tip: Check ADDM Report When Viewing AWR Report
When viewing AWR report, always check corresponding ADDM report for actionable recommendations
ADDM is a self diagnostic engine designed from the experience of Oracle’s best tuning experts
Analyzes AWR data automatically after an AWR snapshot
Makes specific performance recommendations
Consistent – never has a ‘bad’ day
ADDM also tells you what is NOT a problem
ADDM doesn’t have ‘bad’ days – always consistently on. 24

25. ADDM Report
ADDM lists the tuning opportunities with the highest benefit.
ADDM makes specific, actionable recommendations.
ADDM also lists areas of the system that are performing well – that don’t need tuning. 25

26. ADDM Impact Breakdown
In Oracle Database 11g Release 2, ADDM can break down the impact of it’s findings by several dimensions including service, and session. 26

27. Demo
ADDM

28. AWR Global Report - RAC RAC AWR Report
Report rewritten and renamed in Oracle Database spawrrac.sql => awrgrpt.sql
All statistics from AWR placed in comparative format, along with sums, averages and standard deviations, making it easy to compare performance of RAC nodes. 28

29. AWR Global Report – RAC (cont.)
In addition to all the data in a single node AWR report, the AWR Global report includes RAC specific data on global cache and interconnect performance. 29

30. My database was running fine yesterday but it is really slow today
My database was running fine yesterday but it is really slow today? What has changed?

31. Tip: Use AWR Compare Periods Report to Identify Changes in Database Performance
awrddrpt.sql – single instance
awrgdrpt.sql - RAC
Compares database performance over two time periods
Good for identifying what changed in performance
Tip: Save AWR snapshots of time periods with good performance for reference
Example:
Overall system performance resulting from database upgrade 31

32. AWR Global Compare Periods Report
Compares global RAC performance for two time ranges
This report compares the performance of a two node RAC system, before and after an upgrade from Oracle Database to Oracle Database 11.2. 32

33. AWR Global Compare Periods Report (cont.)
The Load Profile shows a reduction in DB Time per second and per transaction after the upgrade – overall performance has improved. The upgrade was a success. 33

34. Comparative Performance Analysis with AWR Baselines
AWR Baseline contains a set of AWR snapshots for an “interesting or reference” period of time
Baseline are key for performance tuning to
guide set alert thresholds
monitor performance
compare advisor reports
User-specifiable, schedulable, e.g.:
last Thanksgiving period
every Monday 10am-noon for 4 Mondays
Automatically captures 8-day moving window baseline for week to week comparisons (default)
Actual
Normal
AWR Baseline
if spiky performance graph – ash can be used to drill down
time 34

35. A user complains that his session seemed to hang for a few minutes
A user complains that his session seemed to hang for a few minutes. What happened?

36. Tip: Use ASH for Targeted Performance Diagnostics
AWR snapshots and reports cover entire system
Transient events can be averaged over a snapshot and be non-obvious from an AWR report
ASH can be used for examining:
Targeted time range
A specific
session
service
wait_class
client_id
SQL_ID
A targeted time range in combination with the above
if spiky performance graph – ash can be used to drill down 36

37. ASH Report Click on ‘Run ASH Report’ button from performance page
Select time range and dimension to report on
replace these ash reports with something else 37

38. ASH Report: ASH Report of a single session for a 5 minute period
The session accounted for 52% of database activity for the time period
The session spent 64% of the time in a concurrency wait event, 36% on CPU. There is clearly some opportunity for tuning.
replace these ash reports with something else 38

39. Has my SQL statement’s performance changed over time?

40. AWR Individual SQL Report
Plan Statistics
AWR Report for a particular SQL Statement -awrsqrpt.sql
Useful for researching individual SQL statement performance over time
Example: Single SQL statement, before and after tuning
CPU Time per execution substantially decreased – tuning was successful.
Before tuning
After tuning

41. Migrating AWR Data Why migrate AWR data?
To offload analysis from production database
To preserve data longer than the production default retention period
To do multi-database comparative analysis
Scripts are located in $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin
Action
SQL Script
Extract data from AWR into a datapump file
awrextr.sql
Load data from datapump file created by awrextr.sql into a database
awrload.sql

42. <Insert Picture Here>
Agenda
<Insert Picture Here>
Automatic Workload Repository Infrastructure
Out of the box AWR reports
Active Reports 42

43. Tip: Use Real-Time SQL Monitoring And Active Reports
Automatically monitors long running SQL
Enabled out-of-the-box with no performance impact
Monitors each SQL execution
Exposes monitoring statistics
Global execution level
Plan operation level
Parallel Execution level
Can be saved or ed as an ‘Active Report’

44. Demo
Active Reports

45. AWR contains vast amounts of database performance data
Conclusion
AWR contains vast amounts of database performance data
Enterprise Manager displays a comprehensive view and analysis of that data
Standard reports can provide additional insights
Use the right report for the right problem
Active reports are a useful new tool for the Oracle database professional 45

46. Oracle Helps You Maximize Customer Value
Avoids online revenue losses up to 25%
Cuts configuration management effort by 90%
Saves weeks on application testing time
Replaces manual tools with automation; saves time by 50%
Deploys SOA infrastructure 92% faster
Saves 80% time and effort for managing Databases
Improves IT productivity by 25%
Drives asset utilization up by 70%
Reduces Database testing time by 90%
Reduces provisioning effort by 75%
Saves $1.9 million with Oracle Enterprise Manager
Saves $170,000 per year with Oracle Enterprise Manager
Delivers 24/7 uptime with Oracle Enterprise Manager
Cuts application testing from weeks to hours
Reduces critical patching time by 80%
Many more customers report that Oracle Enterprise Manager helps them to maximize their IT investments. This is an expanded list of customers including some of the cases we just reviewed. You can review these in more detail by visiting oracle.com/enterprisemanager. Each one has an in-depth profile (click on logo in presentation mode) on how their implementation of Oracle Enterprise Manager helped them maximize the value of their IT investment and reduce the overall costs. As you can see, we have examples from a wide variety of different industries and businesses, such as Banking, Telcos, Commercial, Pharamaceuticals, Education, Hotels, Retail, Insurance, and more.

47. Additional Oracle Enterprise Manager sessions
Wednesday, Oct. 14
Location
11:45 a.m.- Performance-Testing Oracle E-Business Suite: Tips and Tricks from Oracle Experts
11:45 a.m.- Oracle Enterprise Manager: Monitoring and Security Best Practices
11:45 a.m.- Upgrade Case Study: Database Replay, Snapshot Standby, and Plan Baselines
Moscone S. Room 305
Moscone S. Room 303
Moscone S. Room 301
1:45 p.m.- Quick Tips for Database Performance Tuning
5:00 p.m.- SQL Gone Wild: Taming Bad SQL the Easy Way (or the Hard Way)
5:00pm Oracle Enterprise Manager: Beyond the Basics: Getting More from Oracle Enterprise Manager
Moscone S. Room 104
Moscone S. Room 102

48. Additional Oracle Enterprise Manager sessions
Thursday, Oct. 15
Location
10:30 a.m.Everyone Is Applying CPUs (Critical Patch Updates), Right?
10:30 am DBA’s New Best Friend: Oracle Database 10g and Oracle Database 11g SQL Performance Analyzer
Moscone S. Room 303
Moscone S. Room 102
12:00 p.m. Worry-Free Application Upgrade Using Oracle Change Management Pack
1:30pm Dell IT's Implementation of Oracle Enterprise Manager Patch Provisioning
Moscone S. Room 306

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