2. Rain Forest  Recall Stratification

3. Niche Occupation  Two factors create enormous biodiversity in animal species. Stratification Diversity of tree species.

4. Rain Forest  Conditions vary at each forest level.  Different communities evolve to occupy each habitat.

5. Birds of Paradise  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L54bx mZy_NE&index=2&list=PLE8BC78E237 81DCA1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L54bx mZy_NE&index=2&list=PLE8BC78E237 81DCA1

6. Deciduous Forests Stratification also exists within deciduous forests, Less tree biodiversity than found in rain forests.

7. Forest Floor  Decaying leaves provide a deep, rich layer of soil.  Insects and other invertebrates live in the soil and debris, feeding on abundant organic matter

8. Deciduous Forests  Winter Adaptations Migration ○ Many birds fly south to find warmer temperatures and food Hibernation ○ Some mammals reduce their metabolic activity so that they do not need as much food for energy.

9. Winter Adaptations in Deciduous Forests

10. Coniferous Forests  Adaptations Hibernation Burrowers Thick body hair  Recall: Snow acts as an insulator

11. Coniferous Forests Some animals thrive in the winter conditions.

12. Tundra  caribou Body hair traps air that acts as insulator. migrate during the winter in search of food and water  Wolves Take advantage of caribou movement patterns prey on burrowers. ○ Lemmings ○ mice ○ hares

13. Camouflage

14. Deserts  Recall: water is very limited.

15. Desert Reptiles  Have thick, scaly skin that prevents water loss

16. Desert Amphibians  Burrow in ground and sleep through the dry season.

17. Invertebrates

18. Nocturnal Behavior Active at night ○ Hunting/feeding at night avoids the daytime heat.

19. Temperate Grasslands  Steppes  Prairies

20. Adaptations  During colder months, some animals hibernate in search of food and warmer temperatures.  During warmer months, large herbivores are supported by the abundant grasses.  Many smaller animals burrow to avoid fires and extreme temperatures throughout the year.

21. Prairie Dog Towns

22. Bison

23. Tropical Grasslands AKA Savanna  Animal populations concentrate around streams and watering holes. Recall: streams and watering holes are sources of water and more vegetation.  vertical feeding patterns: Animals eat vegetation at different heights to avoid competition for limited resources.

24. Vertical Feeding Pattern

25. More Adaptations  Many animals, such as zebras, migrate long distances in search of water.  Predators follow their migration patterns.