2. Journal:  Why study history? What tools do we use to study the past?

3. 20 th century began with great promise  Technology, inventions  Wright Brothers, 1903  Edison, Ford  Science  Darwin, Mendel, Marie Curie, Freud  Mass culture and entertainment

4. However…  One of the deadliest centuries in human history  Some stats:  About 180 million people killed from war in the 20 th century  Genocide, nuclear threats  Contradiction between this and greater democratization and human rights

5. Three Major Themes/Ideas  Industrialization: Growth of industries for the machine production of goods  Nationalism: Belief in loyalty to one’s nation (people with a shared culture and history)  Imperialism: Strong nations dominating weaker nations politically, economically, or socially

6. Industrialization  Look at the map on pg. 281:  Which countries do you think industrialized first?  Why? What factors lead to industrialization?

7. The Industrial Revolution  Why a revolution?  Began in England in the 1700’s  Agriculture: Enclosures  Improved farming techniques  Movement to cities (urbanization)  Industrialization  Machine mass production of goods  Requires land, labor, capital, and natural resources  Good economy (banking) and political stability  Textile production  from new inventions  Improvements in transportation  Steam driven trains on railroads (1830’s)

8. Journal  Does technology and machinery improve or worsen our lives? Why? Defend your answer.

9. Progress and Plight  Urbanization: Growth of cities  Factories near water sources  Working class:  Poor living conditions  Poor working conditions  Growth of the middle class  Long-term effects:  Improved standard of living, access to consumer goods  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FcuXs4Zyro0 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FcuXs4Zyro0

10. Spread of Industrialization  Spreads to U.S., Germany, France  Gap between industrialized and nonindustrialized countries leads to imperialism  Need for raw materials  Potential markets for products  Long-term:  Longer lifespans, better health, greater wealth in industrialized nations  Growth of a middle class leads to increased participation in democracy and social reforms

11. Today

12. Philosophy  Laissez-faire: Free market unregulated by government  Adam Smith, Wealth of Nations  Self-interest, competition, supply & demand  Capitalism: Economic system  Factors of production privately owned and used to make a profit

13. Critiques  Utilitarianism (Jeremy Bentham): Greatest good for greatest number of people  Socialism: Factors of production owned by the public  Marxism: Karl Marx  The Communist Manifesto  History of class warfare  Goal of communism: Classless society

14. Reforms  Unionization  Collective bargaining  Strikes  Child labor laws  Abolition of slavery  Women’s rights  Education

15. Democratic Reform  British Reform Bill (1832): Expanded male suffrage  Chartist movement leads to universal male suffrage  Self-rule:  Dominion of Canada  Commonwealth of Australia  Irish home rule  US Manifest Destiny

16. Irish Home Rule  Easter, 1916: Now and in time to be, Wherever green is worn, Are changed, changed utterly: A terrible beauty is born. --Yeats

17. Journal It was said that… “The Sun Never Sets On the British Empire” What do you think this means?

18. Rule, Britannia! Rule Britannia! Britannia rule the waves Britons never, never, never shall be slaves. Rule Britannia! Britannia rule the waves. Britons never, never, never shall be slaves. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1XPHL4Q86t4

19. Essential Questions  What were the motives of the colonizers?  How did the imperialists control and manage their colonies?  What were the effects of imperialism?  How did Japan end its isolation and begin to modernize?

20. Scramble for Africa  Imperialism : Seizure of a country or territory by a stronger country  Belgium takes the Congo (1880’s)  Two Questions: Why? How?  Racism, Social Darwinism  Technological and medical advances  Diversity of African groups  Berlin Conference (1884-85)

21. Africa Before and After

22. Berlin Conference Simulation  Order for choosing territory:  1. Portugal  2. Spain  3. Britain  4. France  5. Belgium  6. Germany  7. Italy

23. Journal  How successful do you believe your country will be in achieving your goals at today’s Berlin Conference? Explain.

24. Conflicts  Zulus and British  Boers, British, and Africans in South Africa  Boer War: British won  Limited control (British) vs. direct control (French)  Legacy:  Political divisions, artificial boundaries  Breakdown of family, culture  Loss of land, disease, deaths from rebellions  Economic expansion

25. Europeans in the Middle East  Decline of the Ottoman Empire  Crimean War: Britain, France, Ottomans prevent Russia from taking Black Sea territory  “Great Game” bet. Britain and Russia  Egypt and the Suez Canal

26. India  British East India Company sets up trading posts  “Jewel in the crown” of colonies  Lack of local industry  Sepoy Mutiny (1857) led to the Raj (direct British government control)  Nationalism and division bet. Hindus and Muslims  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2yXKbd5IDzU http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2yXKbd5IDzU

27. Southeast Asia  Dutch East India Company in Indonesia  British in Malysia  French in Indochina (Vietnam)  Siam (Thailand) remained independent  US in the Phillipines, Hawaii  Hawaii annexed in 1898

28. Economic Imperialism

29. China

30. Japan

31. Latin America

32. Mexico