1. ITIS 1210 Introduction to Web-Based Information Systems Chapter 1. What is the Internet?

2. Victory Siren  12 feet long  6 feet tall  330 hp Hemi V-8  Weighs several thousand pounds  Rotates 1 ½ times per minute on own axis  Air leaves horns at 400 mph  Range 30-50 miles in front  4 miles in back

3. Interstate Highway System   Dwight Eisenhower   1919 road trip across country   German Autobahn   Japanese threats to invade West Coast   Features   Facilitated private and commercial transportation   Provided key ground transport routes for military supplies and troop deployments in case of an emergency or foreign invasion   Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956   Popularly known as the National Interstate and Defense Highways Act of 1956

4. Origins of the Internet  1960 – Computer communication difficult  Different operating systems & procedures  Transferring data was clumsy and inefficient  Hub concept CPU

6. Origins of the Internet  Paul Baran’s distributed concept  No central hub  Network would automatically adjust around disabled computers  Advanced Research Projects Agency  ARPANET  1 st 4 sites:  UCLA, UC Santa Barbara, U. Utah, Stanford

7. Origins of the Internet  1980’s – 1,000 computers connected  A “network of networks” is an Internetwork  “Internet” for short

8. 2007 Nat’l Academy of Sciences Publication  Hierarchical structure  Based on connections (e.g., service providers)  Bigger = more connections, Central = more big connections  3 Regions  Highly connected core  Outer periphery – isolated networks  Middle mass – peer connected nodes  Center  ~ 80 core nodes, most traffic flows through  Remove and ~70% still able to function via peers

9. World Wide Web  Timothy Berners-Lee  1989  Trying to share documents between research groups at CERN  Hypertext  Markup language – formatting  Transfer protocol – send/receive marked-up document

10. World Wide Web  HTML – Hypertext Markup Language  HTTP – Hypertext Transfer Protocol  Browser  W W W – World Wide Web

11. World Wide Web  First browsers were text-based  1993 @ U. Illinois, MOSAIC created  GUI Browser – Graphical User Interface  Mosaic  Netscape  Firefox

12. 1981 Intel 8088 4.77 MHz 16 - 64 KB RAM 160KB floppy drives 1 or 2 $4,000 IBM PC Model 5150

13. PC Comparison 1981 2007 1 % Change Speed 4.77 MHz 2.4GHz+50,314% RAM16KB1GB+6,250,000% Storage160KB160GB+100,000,000% Cost$4,000$498 - 803% 1 Walmart Acer Aspire T180 Desktop PC w/ 17" Widescreen LCD Monitor AMD Athlon 64 processor

14. Who Owns the Internet?  No central management  Collection of thousands (millions?) of individual networks  Each owned and operated individually  Networks cooperate to exchange data  Some guidance and standards are provided however

15. Who Owns the Internet?  Internet Society  Supports the work of the  Internet Architecture Board (IAB)  Handles architecture issues behind-the-scenes  Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)  Oversees protocol evolution  www.ietf.org www.ietf.org

16. Who Owns the Internet?  World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)  Industrial consortium run by Laboratory for Computer Science at MIT  Develops standards for WWW development  www.w3.org www.w3.org

17. Who Owns the Internet?  Registrars  Private companies oversee ownership of specific domains by individuals or corporations  Ensure domains are unique and work together  Compete on cost and services rendered to domain owners

18. Who Owns the Internet?  Anyone can create and own a network  Individuals  Corporations/institutions  Governments  Internet Service Providers (ISP)  Provide Internet access for a fee

19. Who Owns the Internet?  Local networks can combine into regional networks  More efficient  Less expensive  Access can be via simple telephone or complex fiber optic lines  Backbones are high-speed, high-capacity transmission lines that connect regional networks

20.  Glitches can happen in Space  spacecraft moves behind a planet  solar storms and long communication delays  Delay in sending or receiving data from Mars takes between 3.5 to 20 minutes at the speed of light  NASA & Vint Cerf working on InterPlaNet protocol since 1998  Successful test of first deep space communications network announced Nov. 18, 2008