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Global Internet Governance Is it possible? www.derekwyatt.co.uk
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www.derekwyatt.co.uk USSR Sputnik 4 th October 1957 1950s Cold War
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www.derekwyatt.co.uk Concern in Pentagon about whether Sputnik could launch nuclear weapons.
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www.derekwyatt.co.uk Advanced Research Projects Agency Network UCLA, Stanford, UC Santa Barbara and Utah ARPA begat ARPAnet 29 th October 1969 first email message sent (40 years this year)
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www.derekwyatt.co.uk Technology used was a “packet switch” Technology used was a “packet switch” First paper on packet switching by Leonard Klienrock in 1961 First paper on packet switching by Leonard Klienrock in 1961 Formed core of internet technology Formed core of internet technology Conventional circuit based technology (telephony) required a dedicated sender receiver network Conventional circuit based technology (telephony) required a dedicated sender receiver network
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www.derekwyatt.co.uk Importance of packet switching meant if telephony closed down by overseas operatives (Cold War) it could still work as an independent network.
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www.derekwyatt.co.uk Fall of Berlin Wall 9 th November 1989 Cold War began to thaw so was ARPAnet really needed?
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www.derekwyatt.co.uk ARPAnet set free into cyberspace JANET/SuperJANET UK academic links
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www.derekwyatt.co.uk Suddenly: Suddenly: 1994 World Wide Web (Sir Tim Berners Lee) 1994 World Wide Web (Sir Tim Berners Lee) 1995 Netscape browser 1995 Netscape browser Browser Wars Browser Wars ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers) ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers)
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www.derekwyatt.co.uk World Internet Users by Regions
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www.derekwyatt.co.uk UNO – World Summit on Information Summit Geneva – 2003 Tunis – 2005
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www.derekwyatt.co.uk Alternatives to ICANN 2006 - China announces its own versions ; (creates its own domestic system: not available when travelling overseas) 2006 Arab countries follow suit
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www.derekwyatt.co.uk WSIS begat Internet Governance Forum 2006 Athens 2007 2007 Rio 2008Hyderabad 2008 Cairo 2009 Lithuania Talk Shop
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www.derekwyatt.co.uk Participants in 2007 and 2008
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www.derekwyatt.co.uk G8 Subjects covered since 1997 1997 Cyber terrorism 1998 Fraud and Y2K 1999 Distance Learning 2000 Main Summit Agenda Digital opportunities 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, IT not in Main Summit 2009 Berlusconi plans to use Italy’s G8 Presidency to “regulate the Internet” (Telecoms, 3/12/08)
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www.derekwyatt.co.uk Meanwhile: Meanwhile: Child Safety Internet Watch Foundation Internet Watch Foundation Childnet International Childnet International FOSI FOSI Byron Report Byron Report
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www.derekwyatt.co.uk Types of Regulation UK Types of Regulation UK a) Statutory – Sexual Offences Act 2003 (UK) b) Self regulation – IWF, ISPs c) Individual regulation – filtering d) Home Office, Ofcom and British Standards Institution ‘Kitemark for Child Safety Online’ standard for software EU spent €45m 2005-2006 Safer Internet plus Programme EU announced €55m 2009-2013 Safer Internet plus Programme
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www.derekwyatt.co.uk G8 8-10 July 2009. G8 8-10 July 2009.L’Aquila,Italy (Science and Technology Ministerial Meeting 22-24 June 2009) Is Berlusconi serious? Is Berlusconi serious? Some recognition of importance of Intellectual Property rights Some recognition of importance of Intellectual Property rights
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www.derekwyatt.co.uk Internet Regulation currently resides in WTO A discredited organisation?
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www.derekwyatt.co.uk Can we regulate the internet? Can we regulate the internet? YES WE CAN
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www.derekwyatt.co.uk HOW? HOW?
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