1. THE MIDDLE AGES

2. FEUDALISM Political and Social system Result of Viking, Magyar, and Muslim invasions Knights provided military services and loyalty Lords gave land

3. MANORIAL SYSTEM Economic System Lords/Nobles owned manors Serfs/Peasants farmed fields Received land and protection Provided labor ***Not slaves Could be free people renting the land

4. MAGNA CARTA Nobles were scared the king would abuse his power In 1219, King John tried to raise the nobles taxes Nobles forced King John to accept Magna Carta Outlined nobles rights, restricted the kings powers Importance of the Magna Carta grew years after it was signed

5. CATHOLIC CHURCH Pope = Head of Catholic Church Monks = Peace makers in disputes and prayed for safety of rulers and armies Church officials = Teachers and record keepers Religious figure heads highly influenced the people and became powerful political figures

6. CHURCH REFORMS In 1049, Pope Leo IX believed the clergy were corrupt and his mission was to fix it Replaced or excommunicated bishops who were guilty of corruption Excommunication = Cast out of the church

7. CHURCH REFORMS CONT. Not everyone agreed with Pope Leo IX’s reforms Patriarch, Bishop of Constantinople, was excommunicated Split Church in half Those who agreed with Leo IX = Roman Catholic Those who agreed with Patriarch = Orthodox Pope’s gained religious and political power and influence