1. UML Profile to Support Requirements Engineering with KAOS Presented by Chin-Yi Tsai

2. 2 Outline Introduction Introduction The Stereotypes of the KAOS Profile The Stereotypes of the KAOS Profile Model Integration Model Integration Case Study Case Study Conclusion Conclusion

3. 3 Introduction One of the most important approaches to requirement engineering of the ten year is the KAOS model. One of the most important approaches to requirement engineering of the ten year is the KAOS model. Nonstandard graphical notation The notation and tool are not familiar to many.

4. 4 Introduction (cont’d) Introduce a profile that allows the KAOS model to be represented in the UML. Introduce a profile that allows the KAOS model to be represented in the UML. A UML profile can increase the usefulness of KAOS. A UML profile can increase the usefulness of KAOS. The ability to model the KAOS approach in the UML offers the potential for extra tool support. The ability to model the KAOS approach in the UML offers the potential for extra tool support. Informal representation of the profile Stereotypetag

5. 5 Introduction (cont’d) KAOS KAOS Goal-oriented methodology Goal-oriented methodology Rich ontology for capturing and modeling requirement Rich ontology for capturing and modeling requirement Refinement and operationalization Refinement and operationalization Temporal logic for verification Temporal logic for verification KAOS and the UML KAOS and the UML KAOS Model Meta-level Domain-level Instance-level UML Meta-model layer Model layer User model (=instance) layer

6. 6 Introduction (cont’d) A KAOS model is s semantic network in which the nodes are concepts and the connection between nodes are associations between the concepts. A KAOS model is s semantic network in which the nodes are concepts and the connection between nodes are associations between the concepts. There are two parts to a KAOS model There are two parts to a KAOS model A graphical representation of the semantic network together with a supplementary textural definition A graphical representation of the semantic network together with a supplementary textural definition The optional formal representation expressed in a temporal logic The optional formal representation expressed in a temporal logic KAOS semantic network KAOS semantic network stereotyped classes stereotyped classes association association The informal and formal descriptions The informal and formal descriptions tags of these stereotyped class tags of these stereotyped class association. association.

7. 7 Introduction (cont’d) Formal expressions need to be rewritten using only ASCII characters since most UML editors do not support the symbol of the KAOS temporal logic. Formal expressions need to be rewritten using only ASCII characters since most UML editors do not support the symbol of the KAOS temporal logic. OCL OCL The UML is extended by introducing new stereotypes to the language. The UML is extended by introducing new stereotypes to the language. A particular extension of the UML is packaged as profile. A particular extension of the UML is packaged as profile. We can think of a profile as an extension of the UML meta-model layer We can think of a profile as an extension of the UML meta-model layer >

8. 8 Introduction (cont’d) The stereotype > is a specialisation of the existing UML abstraction stereotype >.

9. 9 Stereotype > > <<kentity <<kentity > > Class Association

10. 10 Tags informalDef informalDef formalDef formalDef form form soft soft instanceOf instanceOf priority priority category category invariant invariant strengthenInv strengthenInv frequency frequency domPrecondition domPrecondition domPostcondition domPostcondition reqPrecondition reqPrecondition reqPostcondition reqPostcondition reqTriggercondition reqTriggercondition realm realm

11. 11 The Stereotypes of the KAOS Profile ， stereotype tags form: Achieve Main Avoid Cease Minimise Maximise

12. 12 Goal Reduction

13. 13

14. 14 Requisites A goal that can be reduced no further and is assignable to an individual agent either in the domain (Requirement) or in the software-to-be (Assumption) is a requisite. A goal that can be reduced no further and is assignable to an individual agent either in the domain (Requirement) or in the software-to-be (Assumption) is a requisite.

15. 15 Agent, entities and events

16. 16 Actions

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18. 18 Model Integration Modeled in the UML, a KAOS model may be incorporated into the reset of a system’s UML design documentation, seamlessly linking the documentation for the requirements elicitation part of a project to the whole. Modeled in the UML, a KAOS model may be incorporated into the reset of a system’s UML design documentation, seamlessly linking the documentation for the requirements elicitation part of a project to the whole.

19. 19 Requirements Traceability > > Requirement ModelDesign Model Traceability

20. 20 Interleaving Models A more interesting possibility resulting from the profile is the interleaving of KAOS models with standard UML models. A more interesting possibility resulting from the profile is the interleaving of KAOS models with standard UML models.

21. 21 Case Study A portion of the advanced automatic train control (AATC) system used in San Francisco’s Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) rail service. A portion of the advanced automatic train control (AATC) system used in San Francisco’s Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) rail service. To serve more passengers by running trains more closely spaced. To serve more passengers by running trains more closely spaced. Steps: Steps: Identification and Formalisation of Primary Goals Identification and Formalisation of Primary Goals Identification of Objects Identification of Objects Identification of Requirements and Agent Assignments Identification of Requirements and Agent Assignments Goal Operationalisation Goal Operationalisation

22. 22 Identification and Formalisation of Primary Goals By searching the problem statement for keywords such as “purpose”, “objective”, “in order to”, etc.. By searching the problem statement for keywords such as “purpose”, “objective”, “in order to”, etc.. Some initial goals can be identified at an early stage. Some initial goals can be identified at an early stage.

23. 23 Identification and Formalisation of Primary Goals

24. 24 Identification and Formalisation of Primary Goals

25. 25 Identification of Objects The definition of goals derives the identification of objects. The definition of goals derives the identification of objects.

26. 26 Identification of Objects

27. 27 Identification of Requirements and Agent Assignments

28. 28 Goal Operationalisation

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31. 31 Conclusion

32. 32 Stereotype

33. 33 Tags