1. The Rise of Islam

2. The Crescent moon had become a symbol for Islam. It is associated with the new moon that begins each month with the Islamic Lunar Calendar The Crescent moon had become a symbol for Islam. It is associated with the new moon that begins each month with the Islamic Lunar Calendar

3. Geography Arabian Peninsula Hot, dry, west-coast – mountains, desert conditions. Hot, dry, west-coast – mountains, desert conditions. How would it affect the development of society, trade, economics and culture? How would it affect the development of society, trade, economics and culture?

4. Most settlements were on the coast. Most settlements were on the coast. Trade by boats Trade by boats Probably wouldn’t go through peninsula, there’s nothing there! Probably wouldn’t go through peninsula, there’s nothing there!

5. Oasis – small strip of fertile land in the desert Oasis – small strip of fertile land in the desert Water was a luxury!!

6. Early people living on the Arabian Peninsula Early people living on the Arabian Peninsula Desert nomads who were organized by tribes and clans (kin- related clans) Desert nomads who were organized by tribes and clans (kin- related clans)Bedouins

7. Shaykhs – leader of a Bedouin Tribe Shaykhs – leader of a Bedouin Tribe Free warriors - carried out dictates of Shaykhs; families made up majority of clan Free warriors - carried out dictates of Shaykhs; families made up majority of clan

8. Slave Families – remnants of rival clans defeated in war Slave Families – remnants of rival clans defeated in war Clans constantly fought each other over water, honor, etc. Clans constantly fought each other over water, honor, etc.

9. Important stop along the trade routes Important stop along the trade routes Location of Ka’aba Location of Ka’aba Founded by Umayyad clan of the Ouraysh tribe house of worship Founded by Umayyad clan of the Ouraysh tribe house of worshipMecca

10. House of worship House of worship Clans would call a truce (no fighting) Clans would call a truce (no fighting) Religious shrine of 360 idols – Allah was referred by some as supreme god. Religious shrine of 360 idols – Allah was referred by some as supreme god.Ka’aba

11. Poetry – oral tradition Poetry – oral tradition Role of women – enjoyed greater freedom and higher status Role of women – enjoyed greater freedom and higher status Religion – blend of animism/polytheism (little to do with ethics) Religion – blend of animism/polytheism (little to do with ethics)Culture

12. Muhammad (570-632) Born into merchant family in Mecca Born into merchant family in Mecca Orphaned Orphaned Married a wealthy widow Married a wealthy widow

13. Meditated on wealthy and poor Meditated on wealthy and poor Revelations became his teachings Revelations became his teachings VS.

14. Quran – holy book Quran – holy book Converted people; wife was 1 st convert. (slow start) Converted people; wife was 1 st convert. (slow start) 622CE Moved to Medina – “city of the prophet” This journey came to be known as the Hijrah 622CE Moved to Medina – “city of the prophet” This journey came to be known as the Hijrah

15. 630 – Muhammad returns to Mecca with his followers and destroys all of the gods in the Ka’aba

16. Madinahs and Bedouins = first community of Muslims Madinahs and Bedouins = first community of Muslims Military = conquered neighbors Military = conquered neighbors

17. Monotheistic Monotheistic Allah – supreme creator Allah – supreme creator Provided hope for afterlife Provided hope for afterlife Muhammad is not divine (as Jesus is) Muhammad is not divine (as Jesus is) The Teachings of Muhammad

18. To follow Allah’s will, you must follow the 5 pillars of Islam. To follow Allah’s will, you must follow the 5 pillars of Islam. What are they? What are they? Islam is a way of life – shari’ah – set of practical laws for daily life Islam is a way of life – shari’ah – set of practical laws for daily life