1. THE CIVIL WAR 1861 - 1865

2. The War Begins Civil War begins with southerners firing on Ft. Sumter in the harbor of Charleston, S.C. Opinion in the North demanded action to “Save the Union” Other states in the South joined S.C. in seceding from Union Virginia split into two states, border states stayed in the Union but had many southern sympathizers; Maryland, Tennessee, Kentucky, Delaware

3. Inside Fort Sumter after its surrender

4. Advantages and Disadvantages North Most of the populationMore wealth Almost all industry and factories2/3rds of all railroads More food productionno slaves to guard Almost the entire navy South Fighting in defensive rolesuperior generals Valuable cotton to sellPossible help from England Slave labor

6. Early Stages of the War The South won almost all the battles in the first 2 years of the war The first Battle at Bull Run (Manasas) showed war would not be quick and easy as many expected Robert E. Lee led outnumbered rebels to victories at Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, the Wilderness Union army did best in the West led by U.S. Grant winning at Shiloh and later Vicksburg Union navy very effective in blockading the South

7. A steam frigate

8. Emancipation Slavery continued in border states; slaves captured by Union forces held as contraband After narrow victory at Antietam Pres. Lincoln decided to issue the Emancipation Proclamation. Proclamation mostly a propaganda success; it helped convince Britain not to help the Confederacy, and it gave Union forces a noble cause to fight for Since war was now about ending slavery AND saving the Union, many blacks in the North were willing to fight against the South

9. Emancipation Proclamation

10. The War On the Home Front Both aides had to use conscription to get soldiers; North paid bounties for enlisting; draft riots across the North targeted blacks Southerners suffered more than northerners because of shortages, runaway slaves, limited man power North had an economic boom and war profiteers Both sides used paper $ and had high inflation

11. Home front - continued Prison camps on both sides were terrible; the worst by far was Andersonville in Georgia Women on both sides took men’s jobs, served as spies (Harriett Tubman), nurses (Clara Barton, Dorothea Dix Clara Barton

12. Ending the War New technology in war- railroads, telegraphs, gatling guns, ironclad warships, submarines, balloons, repeaters Turning point was Battle of Gettysburg 1863. General Grant took over all Union forces after the battle and used his greater numbers to pound Lee and the rebel army General William T. Sherman made his famous ‘March to the Sea’ in 1864. Lincoln was re-elected in 1864; 1865 Lee was forced to surrender; war ended; Lincoln was assassinated

13. Battle of Hampton Roads between the Monitor and the Merrimac

14. Dead Rebel sharpshooter at Devil’s Den, Gettysburg

15. Robert E. Lee Ulysses S. Grant

16. William T. Sherman George B. McClellan

17. ‘Stonewall’ Jackson James Longstreet

18. Richmond, VA 1865 African-American Soldiers