1. THE CELL

2. The Cell Theory 1. All living organisms are made of cells. Protist cells Skin cells Bacteria cells Plant cells

3. 2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function. Red Blood Cells Skin Cells Nerve Cells Their shape relates to their job!

4. 3. All cells come from pre- existing cells.

5. Prokaryote- simple cell without a nucleus or membrane bound organelles Ex. Archeabacteria Eubacteria Two Types of Cells

6. Eukaryote - complex cell with a well defined nucleus and membrane bound organelles Ex. Plants and animals Two Types of Cells

8. Present in all cells 1.Cell Membrane

9. Present in all cells 2. Cytoplasm

10. Present in all cells 3. Ribosome 4. DNA

11. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS AnimalPlant Type of Cell Eukaryotic Organelles and Cell Parts Nucleus Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Golgi Apparatus Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Mitochondria Ribosomes Vacuole Vesicles Lysosome Centrioles Nucleus Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Golgi Apparatus Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Mitochondria Ribosomes Vacuole Vesicles Central Vacuole Cell Wall Chloroplast

12. Cell Membrane Controls what enters and exits the cell

13. The Organelles Microfilaments & Microtubules * Provide support, the cytoskeleton (movement of organelles.

14. Nucleus Control center of the cell…acts like the brain or boss. Contains cell’s DNA

15. The Organelles Nucleolus * Produces ribosome

16. The Organelles Endoplasmic Reticulum * The cells transport system

17. The Organelles Ribosomes (free and attached) Produce proteins *Think Ribs……UMMM!

18. The Organelles Golgi Body/Apparatus * Packages proteins

19. Vesicles Transports things around the cell like a vehicle does for us.

20. The Organelles Mitochondria * Cells energy producer (glucose  ATP)

21. The Organelles Vacuole * Stores water and water soluble materials.

22. The Organelles Lysosome * Contains strong digestive enzymes

23. The Organelles Centrioles * Aid in moving chromosomes during cell division

24. Cell Wall Provides support and protection for the plant cell (RIGID)

25. The Organelles Chloroplast * Store chlorophyll for photosynthesis

26. Cytoplasm Jelly-like substance that holds organelles in place. Cytosol.

28. LIMITS TO CELL SIZE Must maintain a workable surface area to volume ratio (the volume increases faster than the surface area) DNA can only “produce” a specific amount of protein Rate of intracellular diffusion is inversely proportional to cell volume http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/cells/scale/learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/cells/scale Cell Size Comparison on the internet