1. Final draft is due next Thursday. Please remember: Typed, double-spaced, 12-point Times or similar font. Put your word count in your header. 250-500 words. At the top of your essay, type the prompt to which you are responding. Staple your peer-edited draft to the back along with the yellow peer editing sheet.

2. I will assess your essay in these categories: Content Structure Voice Diction (word choice) Sentence fluency Conventions

3. 19 th century European art, especially the works canonized by the influential French academy, emphasized an idealized, romantic view of the world, drawing on classical forms and mythology. The smoothly-finished surfaces and invisible brushstrokes of academic painters reflect their refined aesthetic.

4. Portrait of Princesse de Broglie (1851) by Jean- Auguste Dominique Ingres (1780-1867)

5. “Grizedale” by Sidney Richard Piercy (1821-1886)

6. In the late 19 th century, the painters who would become known as the Impressionists rejected the smooth artificiality of academic art. They developed a new style, with looser, more visible brushstrokes and a more subjective, “impressionistic” view of the world. Academic artists considered the impressionists “degenerate” and crude and thought their choice of subjects vulgar and trivial.

7. In the 1890s, some artists began thinking that the old ideas of art needed to be rejected altogether. Influenced by the revolutionary thinking of Freud and Nietzsche, and affected by the drastic cultural and technological changes of the late 19 th and early 20 th century, artists like Odilon Redon began creating strange, dream-like works that showed their interest in the human subconscious, while other painters like Edvard Munch made works that express the anguish of the human psyche in a time of intense pressure and change.

8. The Scream by Edvard Munch, 1893

9. Guardian Spirit of the Waters by Odilon Redon

10. The Dream by Odilon Redon, 1903

11. As the 20 th century dawned, the pace of social change increased. The horrors of World War I shattered what remained of 19 th century idealism. Artists struggling to make sense of a strange and sometimes nightmarish new world broke drastically with old ideas of beauty and developed styles that came to be known as cubism, surrealism, and abstraction.

12. Woman with a Blue Hat by Pablo Picasso, 1901

13. Portrait of Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler by Pablo Picasso, 1910

17. Wassily Kandinsky, “Improvisation” (1913)

18. Nude Descending a Staircase by Marcel Duchamp, 1912 Derided by one critic as an “explosion in a shingle factory,” Duchamp’s most famous painting was one of many works that caused outrage and scandal at the 1913 Armory Show in New York, which introduced Americans to European modernism. Let’s contrast Duchamp’s nude with a painting by Ingres to see how ideas of art and the human form changed from the early 19 th century to the early 20 th century…

19. Odalisque by Ingres, 1814