1. European Renaissance and Reformation (Chapter 1)

2. Italy Before It Was United

3. Where did the Renaissance begin (its birthplace)? Renaissance - rebirth of intellectual & artistic creativity (Italy, 1300’s) Revived the techniques, styles, & subject matter of classical Greece and Rome Classics led to humanism & secular ideas that went against the Church Medici family, who controlled banking system, were generous patrons to the artists

4. Printing Press (Johann Gutenberg)

5. Where did the Renaissance spread next? Renaissance ideas spread to Northern Europe, northern artists created distinctive works of art (realism) Shakespeare was most famous writer of Elizabethan Age Renaissance men (da Vinci & Michelangelo)use perspective to create three dimensions Thousands of books & pamphlets spread political, social, & artistic ideas (printing press- Johann Gutenberg)

6. How did the Protestant movement and Reformation begin? Martin Luther challenged Catholic Church’s authority / called for religious reforms Many left Catholic Church / started Protestant churches (Christian, but non-Catholic) King Henry VIII broke away from the Church & started Anglican Church (England) Catherine (devout Catholic) put England back under Pope / Elizabeth returned England to Protestantism

7. What effects did the Reformation have on the Catholic Church? Protestant groups separated into many denominations: Lutherans, Presbyterians, Quakers, Baptists, etc. Catholic Church passed a series of reforms to keep loyal followers (Council of Trent) Catholic Church became more unified / monarchs & nations gained more power An intellectual movement set the stage for Enlightenment