2.  Kalgoolie, Australia

3.  Salt Evaporation Ponds

4.  Sub-Surface Coal Mining

5.  Limestone Quarry

6.  Kimberly Diamond Mine

7.  http://www.environmentalgraffiti.com/fe atured/most-incredible-earth-scars/16808

8.   The extraction of mineral resources from the Earth  Includes : metals, coal, oil shale, gemstones, ‘rock’, potash, sand, gravel & clay  environmental & safety concerns What is Mining?

10.  Major Types of Mining  Oil & gas extraction  Coal mining  Metal ore mining  Non-metallic mineral mining  Quarrying  Support activities for mining

11.  Mineral Resources are not evenly distributed  U.S.  Canadathese five countries  Russiasupply most of the  South Africanon-renewable  Australiaresources

12.  Mineral Resources are not used equally  United States  Germany  Russia  8 % of world’s population  Use 75% of world’s metal resources

13.   MANGANESE  COBALT  CHROMIUM  PLATINUM 4 Strategic Minerals

14.   MANGANESE - make steel  COBALT - gas turbines, jet engines  CHROMIUM - stainless steel  PLATINUM - catalytic converters 4 Strategic Minerals

15.   Recycle/reuse  Waste less  Use less  Find a substitute  Do without Strategies for dealing with mineral shortages

16.   Explore - planes, satellites; look for differences in gravity, magnetism, radioactivity  Sample - drill test holes, analyze ore grade  Processing - transport, purify, crush, grind, wash, smelting, manufacture  Use - transportation & distribution  Remediation - restore, clean up Mineral Exploration & Mining

17.  Types of Mines SURFACE  Coal, metals (Au,Cu,Fe), sand, gravel, stone, salt  Explosives used  Strip ‘overburden’ Sub-Surface  Coal, salts, gemstones,  Room and pillar techniques  Long wall mining techniques  Solution mining

18.  Surface mining advantages  Miners have better safety  Easier access to ores disadvantages  Alter landscape  Potential damage to environment  Ugliness  Air, water, soil pollution

19.   Open pit mining  Quarrying  Strip mining  Mountaintop removal Surface Mining Techniques

20.  Bucket- wheel excavator

21.  Sub-Surface mining advantages  Disturbs less land  Leaves less waste disadvantages  Danger for miners  Underground fires explosions  Noise, cave ins  subsidence

22.   Air/Noise Pollution  Water contamination- acid mine drainage  Displacement of Wildlife- terrestrial & aquatic  Erosion & sedimentation  Toxic tailings  Soil degradation  Subsidence  Underground fires  Human health Impacts of Mining

23.   One of highest regulated industries  Companies spend huge sums restoring environment  Every surface mine MUST return land to original condition Mining Regulations & Reclamation

24.   Clean Water Act  Safe Drinking Water Act  Comprehensive Response Compensation & Liability Act  Endangered Species Act  Surface Mining Control & Reclamation Act Federal Laws over Mining

25.   Lake Peigneur- Texaco Diamond Crystal Salt Mine  Chilean Miners- Mining Accidents

26.  Lake Peigneur La. Nov 20, 1980

27.  Chile- 2010

28.   Deep Space Industries- mine Ni. Si, Platinum The Future: Asteroid Mining