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Principles of Toxicology Yuan, Zhanpeng, Ph.D. Tel. : 6875 9982; 139 8612 0848

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Presentation on theme: "Principles of Toxicology Yuan, Zhanpeng, Ph.D. Tel. : 6875 9982; 139 8612 0848"— Presentation transcript:

1 Principles of Toxicology Yuan, Zhanpeng, Ph.D. Tel. : 6875 9982; 139 8612 0848 E-mail: zpyuan@whu.edu.cn

2 毒理学基础 Essentials of Toxicology 武汉大学公共卫生学院 毒理学系

3 Touch up Review Further Clarify Objectives

4 Contents General Principles of Toxicology –Absorption-Distribution-Excretion General Classification of Toxicants Specific Discussion of Toxicants

5 Toxicology Toxicology is the study of poisons Poisons are chemical/physical agents that produce adverse responses in biological organisms

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7 General Principles of Toxicology ADME Classifications of Toxicity Mechanisms of Toxicity Primary Determinants of Toxicity Toxicity Modifiers ETC.

8 ADME Toxicological Process –Transport Process Mechanisms –Toxicokenetics –Toxicokenetics and PBPK modeling

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10 Absorption-Distribution-Excretion Toxicological Process

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32 Toxicokinetics

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45 Classification of Toxicity Acute toxicity: adverse effect resulting from a single, usually large, exposure to a toxin Subacute toxicity: Somewhat acute, between acute and chronic (online med. dictionary) Chronic toxicity: harmful effect from repeated exposures to a toxin for 3+ months Therapeutic index LD 50 /ED 50 Risk: probability that injury will result from exposure to a substance for given conditions, dose, and route

46 Mechanisms Alterations in receptor-ligand interactions –Nicotine, most drugs Alterations in membrane function –Local anesthetics, hydrocarbons Interference with cellular energy mechanisms –Cyanide, Pentachlorophenol Covalent binding to biomolecules –Organophosphates, alkylating agents Causing non-lethal alterations in somatic cells Carcinogens, e.g. aflatoxin Alterations in ligand-activated transcription factors, e.g. Dioxins By inducing programmed cell death (apoptosis), e.g. Acetaminophen

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64 Thank you!


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