1. Britain after the Seven Years War The British Reform movement The elegant landed classes Georgian England

2. Our objectives You will identify the ways the Scottish Clans were punished for their support of Stuart claims to the British throne. You will understand the reasons for the beginning of Parliamentary reform… Know the impact of criticism on British Reform and the American Revolution Gain visual exposure to the art, architecture, and other identifiers of the British landed classes…

3. While the enlightened despots ruled in Russia, France and Austria, England remained a constitutional monarchy.

4. The Glorious Revolution of 1688 had ensured a Protestant King or Queen, and the Jacobite threats of the Stuarts subsided.

5. In Scotland, the highland chiefs lost their power. They could not: Keep vast estates under the clan leadership Keep independent Clan regiments Wear a kilt Play the bagpipes.

6. A Reform movement begins in England… …it will continue into the middle 1800’s. Overtime, great changes in democracy and voting (suffrage) will take place…

7. In 1760, a young George III took the throne. He would be king throughout the American Revolution and even until 1821.

8. In these years he would change from a young, obstinate king to a mad monarch who would be locked up at Windsor Castle.

9. If you would like to know more about King George, rent the movie “Madness of King George”—a write a page response to the film for extra credit.

10. Like all British kings, if he wanted anything he had to work through Parliament.

11. In order to control Parliament, the King had some choices: Bribery Buying up votes Grant pensions and favors Make promises and deals

12. Yes, we could say that there was a certain amount of corruption in the government of England.

13. The system had inherent abuses--

14. Sometimes elections weren’t held very often…

15. Or the boroughs that sent a Member of Parliament did not reflect the population…

16. Some boroughs had a growing population…but they had only one MP…others had too many MPs… Bramber Duke of Rutland 23520 CallingtonLord Clinton222542 Dunwich Lord Huntingfiel d 24432 East LooeJohn Buller216738 GattonSir Mark Wood2237 Old SarumEarl of Caledon2311 Newtown Sir Fitzwilliam Barrington 21423 Plympton Earle Earl of Mount Edgcumbe 218240

17. Some boroughs have more sheep than people—yet they also had one MP.

18. And some boroughs were under water…and there was an MP assigned to there too!

19. Boroughs that did not properly represent the population in them were called Rotten Boroughs : Their MP’s still went to London and drew a fat salary.

20. The county of Yorkshire, which contains near a million souls, sends two county members; and so does the county of Rutland which contains not a hundredth part of that number. The town of Old Sarum, which contains not three houses, sends two members; and the town of Manchester, which contains upwards of sixty thousand souls, is not admitted to send any. Is there any principle in these things? --Thomas Paine, The Rights of Man

21. A movement began that Parliament should properly represent the public. NOT the king.

22. Frequent elections were desirable to prevent corruption…

23. Members should mathematically represent a portion of the population.

24. In the English parliament, the King was denounced for his abuse of power.

25. Pamphlets and political cartoons also criticized the monarchy.

26. This was all witnessed by the British Colonials in North America…so what were the consequences?

27. Right, as colonists, we’ll criticize too, and we have lots of complaints about unfair taxes, on tea, on sugar…

29. Therefore, the “seeds” of the American Revolution were planted in England, among the English people who criticized their own government.

30. The government responded to this criticism by severe policies in Scotland, Ireland and India.

31. In Ireland, the Irish supported the American colonials in the revolution, and in America, almost 1/3 of the colonial troops were Scots- Irish.

32. They remembered the terrible oppression under Cromwell, William III, and their English landlords.

33. The British did not want to face a revolt in Ireland as they had in America, so they granted some concessions to the Irish.

34. In India, the British government sought stricter regulation of the British in India by sending a Governor General.

35. The British government, badly shaken by the American revolt, moved toward more centralization and control over its satellites.

36. The landed classes of England.

56. Life in London was exciting…

57. London had expanded outside of its medieval borders, and beautiful parks and squares were laid out with stately buildings.

63. There were coffee houses where politics and poetry were discussed.

64. This free and easy criticism of the government was markedly different than the atmosphere in France.

66. Addison and Steele published newspapers– There were many political cartoons.

67. Unregulated Gin was plentiful— people became addicted and crime soared.

68. All sorts of debauched characters inhabited the teeming streets of London.

69. The painter, William Hogarth painted cynical scenes of London Life.

73. Our objectives to this slide show were: You identified the ways the Scottish Clans were punished for their support of Stuart claims to the British throne. Understand the reasons for the beginning of Parliamentary reform… Know the impact of criticism on British Reform and the American Revolution Gain visual exposure to the art, architecture, and other identifiers of the British landed classes…