1. The Spanish-American War Mr. Blais America in the World

2. Take a few minutes and try your best to define the following terms. The Monroe Doctrine: Manifest Destiny: Imperialism: Isolationism:

3. The Monroe Doctrine was a doctrine established in 1823 which stated that European powers could not longer colonize or interfere with the affairs of independent nations of the Americas. Manifest Destiny was the belief that the U.S. had the ‘obvious right’ to expand its territory. It was originally used to justify Americas expansion west and was later used to justify further American expansion

4. Imperialism is the policy of establishing colonies and building empires in order to expand the influence on one single power around the world. Isolationism is the political policy of separating oneself and one’s country from the political affairs of other countries. (Originally established by George Washington)

5. Fulfilling the Monroe Doctrine: Securing the Americas Step 1: Kick the French out of Mexico – Because Mexico refused to pay its debts France came in to force them to pay. The French then stayed until the U.S. sent 50,000 to the border and made the French withdraw.

6. Fulfilling the Monroe Doctrine: Securing the Americas Step 2: Get territory from Russia – The czar of Russia saw little value in a far of land and sold Alaska to the U.S. for 7.2 Million dollars in 1867. (less than 2 cents an acre)

7. Fulfilling the Monroe Doctrine: Securing the Americas Step 3: Annex Hawaii – Hawaii had close ties with the U.S. economy since the early 1800s. – But when Queen Liliuokalani tried to bring control back to the Hawaiian people some American business leaders with the help of some mariners took over the Hawaiian government. – Hawaii was annexed in 1898

8. Strengthen the Navy By 1880 the U.S. navy was very limited in size and very outdated. Captain Alfred Mahan called attention to this problem and believed the U.S. needed more influence abroad and needed a strong navy to do that. By 1895 Congress had passed legislation for 20 new naval ships, 6 of which were battleships.

9. The Spanish-American War 1.How did the Spanish treat the Cubans? – They treated the Cubans very poorly, and many were held against their will 2.Who sympathized with the Cubans in there fight for freedom against the Spanish? – Many Americans sympathized with the Cubans. 3.What happened to the U.S.S. Maine while it was in Havana harbor? How many men died in this disaster? – The Maine blew up in the harbor and 266 men died. 4.Who did the American newspapers blame for the disaster? What actually happened to the Maine in early 1898? – The newspapers blamed the explore on Spain but no really knows what happened 5.Summarize the three main factors that drew American into war. – Americans were angry at how the Cubans were treated, many Americans wanted expand there territory and power, and American newspapers continuously wrote terrible stories about the Spanish.

10. The Spanish-American War 6.What did the U.S. Congress do on April 19, 1898 that helped Cuba and sent America into a war with Spain? – The U.S. Congress state that Cuba was now free from Spain. 7.Where did the first battle of the Spanish-American war take place (Give the harbor and the island)? Who commanded the American ships in this battle? – It took place at Manila Bay in the Philippines and the U.S. ships were commanded by commodore George Dewey. 8.Who won the first battle of the Spanish-American war? – The Americans won the first battle of the war. 9.How many U.S. soldiers initially landed in Cuba? Where did they land and what hill did they capture? – 17,000 U.S. soldiers landed near Santiago and captured San Juan Hill. 10.What happened to the Spanish navy as they tried to escape Santiago Harbor? – The Spanish navy was destroyed while trying to escape.

11. The Spanish-American War 11.How long did the Spanish-American War last? – The war lasted about 4 months. 12.Who kept the Philippine islands after the war? – America kept the Philippine islands after the war 13.How did the Filipinos react to there island being taken over? How many people died in the battles that took place on the islands? – The Filipinos fought back, they wanted to govern there own country and tens of thousand of people died in these battles. 14.How did most people generally view the Spanish- American war and briefly explain why they felt this way. – Most people felt it was a success because America won so quickly and so decisively. Many people also felt the war demonstrates the America was a country on the rise and demanded respect from other nations.

12. America Gains New Territory The treaty between American and Spain after the war was very beneficial to America. The U.S. gained territory throughout the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. It gained influence or governance over the following islands: – Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines (The Philippines cost 20 Million Dollars.)

13. The Philippines 1.Name three islands that America took from Spain after the Spanish-American War, not counting the Philippines. – Puerto Rico, Guam, and Cuba (now semi-independent) 2.Identify two reasons as to why many American supported the annexation of the Philippines. – Wanted a larger role in world affaris, wanted new markets and areas of investment, Americans were excited by the idea of an empire, and many believed that America was simply fulfilling its destiny since it was the fittest nation to govern the Philippines. 3.How much money did the U.S. pay for the Philippines? – They paid 20,000,000 dollars 4.Name three characteristics of the Philippines that would make it difficult for any foreign power to govern. – There are more than 7,100 different islands, 7.5 million people, with 43 different ethnic groups, and 87 different languages and dialects.

14. The Filipino Resistance 1.How long did the war last between the Filipinos and American? – It lasted for about 3 years (1899-1902) 2.Who was the leader of the Filipino resistance? – Emilio Aguinaldo 3.What event effectively ended the Filipino resistance? – When Aguinaldo was captured 4.What were two changes made under William Howard Taft that truly helped the Filipinos? – He established a civilian government which helped build schools, roads, and hospitals for the Filipinos. 5.Approximately how long did it take the U.S. grant independence to the people of the Philippines? – It took approximately 40 years for the Philippines to gain its independence.

15. Cuba 1.Give two reasons that the U.S. Army stayed in Cuba even after the Spanish-American War was over. – After the war with Spain Cuba was in rough condition so the U.S. Army stayed to establish a republican government, oversee Cuban finances, and establish public health programs 2.Why was the Platt Amendment put in place? – It was established to protect American interests in Cuba 3.The Platt Amendment officially made Cuba a U.S. protectorate. What is a protectorate? Is a protectorate truly independent? – A protectorate is a nation or region controlled by a stronger state. These are not truly independent because the stronger nation can interfere in the affairs of its protectorate at almost any time.

16. Puerto Rico 1.Give two reasons why it would NOT be good to be a dependency under the United States, as Puerto Rico was. – Because according to a Supreme Court ruling the U.S. can set tariffs on the products of a dependency, and only has to grant civil rights to the people of a dependency if it wants to. 2.Based on Puerto Rico’s history, why was it quite impractical for the United States to hold on to this island? – Puerto Rico has strong ties with Latin American. It also had over 300 years of Spanish history and Spanish language engrained into its culture. 3.What was Puerto Rico finally granted in 1917? – They were finally granted territorial status and made citizens of the U.S.