1. Mr. Calella

2.  In 1800s, many people in U.S. wanted to join European powers and set up colonies  What are some reasons a country might want to establish colonies?  What wouldn’t a country want colonies?

3.  Why?: Natural resources, new markets, strategic bases, spread culture, cheap labor, international prestige, and manifest destiny was already achieved and need new goal  Why not?: Rebellion, spread out our military too thin, too far, moral considerations (WHICH? EXPLAIN!!!)

4.  Imperialism: policy in which stronger nations extend their economic, political, or military control over weaker territories.  Europeans been doing it for years in Africa and Asia.  What do you need to gain colonies?  Industrial Age in U.S. so had a lot of surplus; colonies could be new markets.  U.S. believed that it had a superior culture and that under Social Darwinism it had a responsibility to spread its culture around the world. WHY DID U.S. FEEL THIS WAY?

6.  U.S. buys Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million (1959, became 49 th state)- Natural resources  Hawaii (U.S. government annexes it after U.S. civilians help to overthrow the native government-1959, became 50 th state)-excerpt from textbook ◦ Strategic trading spot because ½ way between U.S. and China ◦ Strategic base like Pearl Harbor because Japan getting powerful

8.  Spain, once one of the most powerful imperial power in the world, only had a few colonies left in 1900  Philippines, Guam in the Pacific  Cuba, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic in the Caribbean Sea

9. From Learn 360

12. 1.Cuba was fighting a war for independence against Spain. The Spanish were brutally treating the rebels, like firing squads for prisoners. Many U.S. citizens wanted the government to get involved 2. Yellow Journalism: News stories which exaggerate the facts to sell more papers and engage readers. More public support for Cuban rebels.

13. 3. The De Lome Letter: Letter written by Spanish diplomat that was stolen by Cuban rebel and printed by U.S. newspapers; criticized President McKinley calling him weak and willing to do anything to quiet the masses 4. The U.S.S. Maine explodes: The ship was ordered to Cuba to protect American property and on February 15, 1898 it mysteriously explodes (260 crewmen died)  How do you think Yellow Journalists reported the story?

17.  “Remember the Maine” became rallying slogan ◦ April 20, 1898, U.S. declares war on Spain  Philippines  War starts here; Admiral Dewey’s fleet destroy entire Spanish fleet in Manila Bay.  U.S. troops land and help Filipinos gain independence

19.  Unlike naval forces in Philippines, U.S. forces here were poorly trained, equipped, and led.  Exceptions: Buffalo Soldiers (African American soldiers who fought in the Indian Wars) and Rough Riders (cavalry unit under Teddy Roosevelt’s leadership)  Both groups fought in the most famous battle of the war, San Juan Hill in Cuba  Roosevelt becomes a national hero (like Jackson)

21.  Treaty of Paris (Dec. 12,1898): ended the war; Spain gave U.S. Puerto Rico and Guam and sold Philippines to U.S. for $20M ◦ Plat Amendment  Most important result of the war: the rest of the world recognized the U.S. as an imperial power; U.S. becomes an imperial power.

23. U.S. as a World Power

24.  Puerto Rico, Cuba, and the Philippines came under control of the U.S. as a result of the Spanish-American War.  Puerto Rico: becomes U.S. territory; Puerto Ricans have right to U.S. citizenship  Cuba: became a U.S. protectorate, which means a country whose affairs are partially controlled by a stronger power.  Allowed U.S. military bases like Guantanamo Bay.

25.  Treaty of Paris: provided for U.S. annexation of the country  Philippine-American War: Filipinos want freedom so they rebel for independence; U.S. steps in Spain’s shoes  Guerilla Warfare: hit and run; hid among civilians  Results: U.S. forcibly moves 1000s of civilians to designated zones; many die from starvation, poor sanitation and disease. ◦ 20,000 Filipinos die fighting; 4,000 US soldiers die; 200,000 civilians die ◦ Becomes a US territory, but gains independence in 1946

26.  Review: 1901, President McKinley assassinated and Teddy Roosevelt becomes president  Why did U.S. want Panama Canal: cut travel time between 2 oceans (strategy for defense)  2 Problems with building ◦ Panama was territory of Columbia; Columbia did not want to make a deal with U.S. ◦ Disease, drain swamps, accidents  Solutions ◦ US encourages/supports Panama’s independence then cuts deal with Panama (hurt relations with Columbia) ◦ Used locks

29. From Learn 360

30.  Latin American Loan Problems: countries got big loans from European nations and TR feared that European powers would intervene in case of default  Monroe Doctrine: TR reminded European nations of this doctrine which said European countries must stay out affairs of Latin America.  TR’s Policy in Latin America was to “Speak softly and carry a big stick” ◦ Meaning: be prepared to get your way by force

32. Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine:  Corollary: an additional statement  What it said: U.S. would step in and use FORCE in any Latin American country where political and economic stability was in question  Effect: It made the US into an “international police power”