1. The Structure of the Atom
The Building Block of Matter

2. Atomic Structure At the conclusion of our time together, you should be able to:
List the 3 major subatomic particles with their relative size, mass and charges
List 3 other sub-subatomic particles (not General)
Define the mass number, atomic number and symbol from an element on the periodic table

3. Warning:
Old Farts
Swimming!!!

4. The Atom An atom consists of a nucleus (of protons and neutrons)
electrons in space about the nucleus.
Electron cloud
Nucleus

5. Atoms are the smallest particles of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element
Parts:
Nucleus – small region in the center of the atom.
(+ charged protons, and o charged neutrons)
Electron Cloud – large region, compared to nucleus, where electrons are found.

6. Check out the Size of Nucleus vs. Electron Cloud
If Cleveland Stadium were an atom, a marble on the 50 yard line would represent the nucleus.
The atom is extremely small. One teaspoon of water has 3 times as many atoms as the Atlantic Ocean has teaspoons of water.

7. Can We See Atoms? Yes Magnesium atoms (white) above Boron atoms (grey)
seen by the transmission electron microscope

8. Questions about teenage men answered by teenage women!!!
Q: What do you call an intelligent, good looking, sensitive young man?
A: A rumour

9. The Atom Proton Neutron Electron Electron shell / Electron cloud
Nucleus
The Atom 9

10. The Atom Nucleus The center of the atom. (it has protons & neutrons)
Electron shell / Electron cloud
The Atom 10

11. Summary of Atomic Particles
Protons (p+)
+ electrical charge
mass = x g
relative mass = atomic mass units (amu)
but we can round to 1
Neutrons (no)
no electrical charge
mass = x g
relative mass = amu but we can round to 1

12. Summary of Atomic Particles
Electrons (e-)
negative electrical charge
mass = x g
relative mass = amu but we can round to 0

13. Proton Neutron Electron Mass 1 amu 1 amu 0 amu
Charge 13

14. Questions about teenage men answered by teenage women!!!
Q: Why do young men whistle when they are sitting on the toilet?
A: It helps them remember which end to wipe!

15. Tevatron –
World’s highest energy particle accelerator.
4 miles in circumference
Why? To find even smaller particles!!!

16. We send protons and antiprotons in opposite directions, and smash them together.

17. Particle
accelerator

19. Particles
Matter anti-Matter
Example:
electron positron
e-1
e+1

20. Particles
Matter
anti-Matter
Example:
Proton anti-Proton
P-1
P+1

21. Quarks Leptons 2 3
Up electron
Down
e-1 -1 3

22. Neutron
Made of
3 Quarks
1 up
2 down d u d

23. Proton
Made of
3 Quarks
2 up
1 down u d u

24. Interesting Name for a Boat!!

25. Mass Comparison
Proton is about
1800 x electron
e-1 .
Proton Electron

26. Subatomic Particles Summary
Quarks
Fast moving point of energy
Sum of the charges is the electrical charge He
 Up quark = + 2/3
 Down quark = - 1/3

27. Quark Calculations (for protons and neutrons)
Each proton is 2 up quarks and 1 down quark
2(2/3) + 1(-1/3) = 4/3 – 1/3 = 3/3 or +1
Each neutron is 2 down quarks and 1 up quark
2(-1/3) + 2/3 = 0

28. Great Little Invention
!!!!

29. Atomic Number, Z
All atoms of the same element have the same number of protons in the nucleus, Z 13
Atomic Number Al
Atomic Symbol
26.981
AVERAGE Atomic Mass

30. Mass Number Number of protons + number of neutrons in an atom.
Example: 2 protons and 2 neutrons
When solving for number of neutrons: round average atomic number properly, subtract the atomic number from the mass number.
Example: K with atomic number 19 and average atomic mass amu.
20 neutrons

31. Mass Number, A
C atom with 6 protons and 6 neutrons is the mass standard
= 12 atomic mass units (amu)
Mass Number (A) = # protons + # neutrons
NOT on the periodic table
It is the Average atomic mass (which is on the periodic table) rounded to the nearest whole number

32. Element Symbols Hyphen Notation: Element symbol – Mass # (rounded)
Example: Helium  He-4
Nuclear Symbol:
Superscript Mass Number,
Subscript Atomic Number,
Symbol
Example: 4 He 2

33. Atomic Structure Let’s see if you can:
List the 3 major subatomic particles with their relative size, mass and charges
List 3 other sub-subatomic particles
Define the mass number, atomic number and symbol from an element on the periodic table

34. In Summary Atomic number =
the # protons and also the # electrons if the atom is neutral
Mass Number from PT =
Average atomic number rounded to the nearest whole number
Mass Number =
# protons + # neutrons

35. WHY GOD MADE MOMS Answers given by 2nd grade school children to the following questions: Why did your mom marry your dad?
1.  My dad makes the best spaghetti in the world, and my mom eats a lot
2.  She got too old to do anything else with him.
3.  My grandma says that mom didn't have her thinking cap on.

36. Get Your Clicker!!!

37. Which two subatomic particles are found in the nucleus of an atom?
Proton / Electron
Proton / Neutron
Electron / Neutron
Proton / Quark
Neutron / Quark

38. The atomic number represents the number of … if neutral.
Protons
Neutrons
Protons + Neutrons
Protons + Electrons

39. The mass number represents the number of …
Electrons
Protons + Electrons
Protons + Neutrons
Neutrons + Electrons

40. What is the correct Hyphen Notation for Calcium

41. An atom has 14 protons and 20 neutrons. The element is …Si Ca Se C

42. An atom has 15 protons and 17 neutrons. What element is it?Cl He Ge P

43. The isotope C-16 has which of the following?
16 protons
6 neutrons
8 neutrons
10 neutrons
12 electrons
16 neutrons 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

44. The isotope N-16 has which of the following?
16 protons
7 neutrons
8 neutrons
9 neutrons
16 electrons
16 neutrons 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

45. The nucleus contains (select the best answer)…
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
Photons
Answer 1 and 2
Answer 1 and 3
Answer 2 and 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

46. If an element with atomic #12 has 13 neutrons, what is it’s atomic mass?
1. 12
2. 13
3. 24
4. 25
5. not listed 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

47. If an element with atomic #12 has 13 neutrons, how many electrons does it have?
1. 12
2. 13
3. 24
4. 25
5. not listed 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

48. If an atom is neutral, which subatomic particles would be equal?
Protons and neutrons
Neutrons and electrons
Protons and Electrons 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

49. If an element with atomic #30 has a mass #65, how many neutrons will it contain?
1. 30
2. 65
3. 95
4. 35
5. not listed 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

50. WHY GOD MADE MOMS Answers given by 2nd grade school children to the following questions: What's the difference between moms and dads?
1.  Moms work at work and work at home and dads  just go to work at work.
2.  Moms know how to talk to teachers without scaring them.
3.  Dads are taller and stronger, but moms have all the real power 'cause that's who you got to ask if you want to sleep over at your friends.
4.  Moms have magic, they make you feel better without medicine!