1. Interesting Characteristics of Carbon Living organisms are made up of chemicals based mostly on the element carbon.

2. Can bond with 4 other atoms Carbon has four electrons in the valence orbital Can bond with up to four other atoms (usually H, O, N, or another C).

3. Chemical bonds store energy. Single bond: C-C covalent bond has 83.1 Kcal (kilocalories) per mole, Double bond: C=C double covalent bond has 147 Kcal/mole. Chemical bonds are forms of potential energy Cells can convert it into another form of energy (ATP) that can then be used by the cell.

4. Carbon-Carbon bonds Covalently C to C bonds make chains and rings possible This is the basis for the construction of macromolecules Macromolecules are constructed from monomers/small subunits Subunits are bonded by C to C bonds

5. Four Classes Macromolecules Polysaccharides (sugars) Triglycerides (Lipids) Polypeptides (Proteins) Nucleic acids (DNA, RNA) These classes perform a variety of functions in cells.

6. Task: 1. Turn to page 28 of your text and copy table 3 into your notes. 2. Describe condensation and dehydration reactions. 3. Answer questions on worksheet