1. ODOT Structure Project Manager Training
Structure Types

2. Common Structure Types
Pipe culverts
Includes reinforced concrete and corrugated metal round pipes, reinforced concrete elliptical pipes, and corrugated steel and aluminum pipe arches
Structural design criteria addressed in Location and Design Manual, Volume 3, Section 1008

3. Round Concrete Pipe

4. Round Corrugated Steel Pipe

5. Elliptical Concrete Pipe

6. Common Structure Types (cont’d)
Box culverts
Includes precast reinforced concrete box culverts, corrugated steel and aluminum box culverts, and corrugated steel long span culverts
Not unusual to see concrete box culverts replace small, single span bridges
Location and Design Manual, Volume 3, Section 1008 for design criteria

7. Precast Concrete Box Culvert

8. Precast Concrete Box Culvert

9. Common Structure Types (cont’d)
Three sided culverts
Includes precast reinforced concrete flat-topped culverts and precast reinforced concrete arch sections
Flat-topped available from 14 to 34 ft. span
Arch available from 12 to 42 ft. span
Location and Design Manual, Volume 3, Section 1008 for design criteria

10. Flat-Topped 3 Sided Culvert

11. Flat-Topped 3 Sided Culvert

12. Precast Reinforced Concrete Arch

13. Precast Reinforced Concrete Arch

14. Common Structure Types (cont’d)
Bridges (Bridge Design Manual, Section 200)
Superstructures consisting of cast-in-place concrete slabs, prestressed concrete box or I-Beams, and structural steel beams and welded plate girders
Shallow abutments with spill-though earthslopes are preferred for stream crossings
Pier type typically depends on what feature is being crossed by bridge

15. Cast in Place Slab with Capped Pile Piers

16. Concrete Box Beams with Cap and Column Piers and Drilled Shafts

17. Rolled Steel Beams with Cap and Column Piers

18. Welded Plate Girders with Single Column Piers

19. Factors Affecting Structure Type
Economic considerations
Site constraints
Hydraulic requirements
Subsurface conditions
Maintenance of traffic
Construction time
Utilities (rare)

20. Economic Considerations
General hierarchy of construction costs (least to most expensive)
Pipe culvert
Box culvert
Three sided culvert
Bridge
Other factors (hydraulics, subsurface conditions, etc.) can outweigh general hierarchy

21. Site Constraints

22. Maintenance of Traffic

23. Limitations on Use of Common Structure Types
Culverts – Material durability, minimum and maximum cover restrictions, subsurface conditions, structure skew relative to roadway, maintenance of traffic
Bridge superstructures - Curved roadway alignment, structure skew relative to roadway, required span length, maintenance of traffic