1. The Early 20th Century Expressionism - Ger. –Hyperexpressive harmony –Wide leaps in melody –Instruments in extreme registers –Schönberg, berg, Webern Neoclassicism –Rid of program references - absolute music –Craftsmanship and balance - classical forms –Stravinsky, Prokofiev

2. New Elements of Style Rhythmic complexity - polyrhythms –Revitalization of rhythm –Physical power and drive Melody - not conceived vocally Not always primary element Poltonality, polychords, polyharmony Atonality Serialism –12 equal tones

3. New Elements of Style (cont.) Texture - more linear - as opposed to lush harmony of 19th century Instruments - more sparse –Strings no longer central –Emphasis on rhythm - percussion more prominent Form - valued form above expression –Purity of line and proportion

4. Igor Stravinsky (1882-1971) Report on Stravinsky by Ben Titus

5. Stravinsky - Petrushka, First Tableau (excerpt) Puppet comes to life Inspiration from folk tunes Irregular meters and polyrhythms Percussive harmony Polyharmony - Petrushka chord (C + F#) Genre - ballet Vivace - rondo form (A B A C A B A)

6. Second Viennese School Schönberg, Berg, Webern Expressionism

7. Arnold Schönberg (1874-1951) Report on Schönberg by Katie Thomas Post Wagnerian Romanticism –Transfigured Night Atonal expressionism –Pierrot lunaire Twelve tone –Variations for Orchestra, Opus 31 12T with tonal implications –A Survivor from Warsaw

8. Schönberg - Pierrot lunaire Sprechstimme German translation of poems by Giraud –21 poems - 3 groups of 7 –All in rondeau form Song cycle Sop/speaker and chamber ensemble (5) Der Mondfleck –White spot - flickering effects in inst.