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PATHOLOGY
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-is a bridging discipline involving both basic science and clinical practice and is devoted to the study of the structural and functional changes in cells, tissues, and organs that underlie disease.
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PATHOLOGY -molecular, -microbiologic, -immunologic, -morphologic techniques Pathology explains the whys and wherefores of the signs and symptoms manifested by patients while providing a foundation for rational clinical care and therapy.
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PATHOLOGY The four aspects of a disease process that form the core of pathology:
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PATHOLOGY pathoMORPHOLOGY (morphology) the structural changes pathoPHYSIOLOGY (pathogenesis) the functional changes
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PATHOLOGY is divided into: -general pathology -systemic pathology
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PATHOLOGY general pathology (morphology) - hemodynamic disorders - cell injury, adaptation and death - inflammation - tissue renewal and repair - neoplasia
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Hemodynamic disordres
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Cell injury, adaptation and death
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Inflammation
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Tissue renewal and repair
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Neoplasia
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PATHOLOGY general pathology also includes - genetic disorders - diseases of immunity - infectious diseases - environmental and nutritional pathology - diseases of infancy and childhood
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PATHOLOGY systemic pathology
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the importance of the proper terminology what is the difference between: -neoplasm -tumour -cancer -carcinoma
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PATHOMORPHOLOGY DEPARTMENT - element of the diagnostic and therapeutic structure of the hospital - scientific department - teaching department
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PATHOMORPHOLOGY DEPARTMENT -histopathology -cytopathology -post-mortem diagnostics
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sampling approaches
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clinical data clinicians tend to underestimate the value of the clinical data
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- selection of an appropriate site and method for the biopsy - appropriate preservation of the specimen
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appropriate preservation of the specimen
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quick-frozen sections
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Immunohistochemistry (specific mono- and polyclonal antibodies)
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determination of site of origin of metastatic tumors
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detection of molecules that have prognostic or therapeutic significance
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pathomorphological autopsies vs forensic autopsies
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CASE STUDY: 21 y.o. woman collapsed at work clinical symptoms noticed by co-workers: -pale, diaphoretic skin -rapid pulse -mental status- confused
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Hemodynamic disorders the following part of the lecture covers only chosen aspects of hemodynamic diorders
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Hemodynamic disorders -hemorrhage -hyperemia and congestion -embolism -infarction -edema -shock -pathology of hemostasis
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Guidelines for learning: -definition -etiology -pathogenesis -morphologic changes -gross and microscopic features -classification -natural history -complications -clinical significance -influence of the diagnosis on therapy and prognosis for the patient
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Hemorrhage definition
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Hemorrhage etiology
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Petechiae
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Purpura
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Ecchymoses
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Hematoma (!)
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Hemorrhage complications
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Hyperemia
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Congestion
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Acute hepatic congestion
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Chronic passive congestion of the liver
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Acute pulmonary congestion
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Chronic pulmonary congestion
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Hemostasis and Thrombosis
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Thrombosis:
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Thrombosis pathogenesis:
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Thrombi
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Fate of the thrombus
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Thrombus vs. blood clot
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Embolism
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biologically active:
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Infarction (infarct)
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