1. 1 Chapter 6 Chemical Quantities 6.2 The Mole Copyright © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

2. 2 Collection Terms A collection term states a specific number of items. 1 dozen donuts = 12 donuts 1 ream of paper = 500 sheets 1 case = 24 cans Copyright © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

3. 3 A mole (mol) is a collection that contains The same number of particles as there are carbon atoms in 12.01 g of carbon. 6.022 x 10 23 atoms of an element (Avogadro’s number). 1 mol C = 6.022 x 10 23 C atoms 1 mol Na = 6.022 x 10 23 Na atoms 1 mol Au = 6.022 x 10 23 Au atoms A Mole of Atoms

4. 4 A mole Of a covalent compound has Avogadro’s number of molecules. 1 mol CO 2 = 6.022 x 10 23 CO 2 molecules 1 mol H 2 O = 6.022 x 10 23 H 2 O molecules Of an ionic compound contains Avogadro’s number of formula units. 1 mol NaCl = 6.022 x 10 23 NaCl formula units 1 mol K 2 SO 4 = 6.022 x 10 23 K 2 SO 4 formula units A Mole of A Compound

5. 5 Samples of One Mole Quantities Table 6.1 Copyright © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

6. 6 Avogadro’s number 6.022 x 10 23 can be written as an equality and two conversion factors. As an equality: 1 mol = 6.022 x 10 23 particles As conversion Factors: 6.022 x 10 23 particles and 1 mol 1 mol 6.022 x 10 23 particles Avogadro’s Number

7. 7 Using Avogadro’s Number Avogadro’s number Converts moles of a substance to the number of particles. How many Cu atoms are in 0.50 mol Cu? 0.50 mol Cu x 6.022 x 10 23 Cu atoms 1 mol Cu = 3.0 x 10 23 Cu atoms Copyright © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

8. 8 Using Avogadro’s Number Avogadro’s number Converts particles of a substance to moles. How many moles of CO 2 are 2.50 x 10 24 CO 2 molecules? 2.50 x 10 24 CO 2 x 1 mol CO 2 6.022 x 10 23 CO 2 = 4.15 mol CO 2

9. 9 1. The number of atoms in 2.0 mol Al is A. 2.0 Al atoms B. 3.0 x 10 23 Al atoms C. 1.2 x 10 24 Al atoms 2. The number of moles of S in 1.8 x 10 24 atoms S is A. 1.0 mol S atoms B. 3.0 mol S atoms C. 1.1 x 10 48 mol S atoms Learning Check

10. 10 C. 1.2 x 10 24 Al atoms 2.0 mol Al x 6.022 x 10 23 Al atoms 1 mol Al B. 3.0 mol S atoms 1.8 x 10 24 S atoms x 1 mol S 6.022 x 10 23 S atoms Solution

11. 11 Subscripts and Moles The subscripts in a formula state The relationship of atoms in the formula. The moles of each element in 1 mol of compound. Glucose C 6 H 12 O 6 In 1 molecule: 6 atoms C 12 atoms H6 atoms O In 1 mol: 6 mol C 12 mol H 6 mol O

12. 12 Subscripts State Atoms and Moles 1 mol C 9 H 8 O 4 = 9 mol C 8 mol H 4 mol O Copyright © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

13. 13 Factors from Subscripts Subscripts used for conversion factors Relate moles of each element in 1 mol compound. For aspirin C 9 H 8 O 4 can be written as: 9 mol C 8 mol H 4 mol O 1 mol C 9 H 8 O 4 1 mol C 9 H 8 O 4 1 mol C 9 H 8 O 4 and 1 mol C 9 H 8 O 4 1 mol C 9 H 8 O 4 1 mol C 9 H 8 O 4 9 mol C 8 mol H 4 mol O

14. 14 Learning Check A. How many moles O are in 0.150 mol aspirin C 9 H 8 O 4 ? B. How many O atoms are in 0.150 mol aspirin C 9 H 8 O 4 ?

15. 15 Solution A. How many mol O are in 0.150 mol aspirin C 9 H 8 O 4 ? 0.150 mol C 9 H 8 O 4 x 4 mol O = 0.600 mol O 1 mol C 9 H 8 O 4 subscript factor B. How many O atoms are in 0.150 mol aspirin C 9 H 8 O 4 ? 0.150 mol C 9 H 8 O 4 x 4 mol O x 6.022 x 10 23 O atoms 1 mol C 9 H 8 O 4 1 mol O subscript Avogadro’s factor Number = 3.61 x 10 23 O atoms

16. 16 Learning Check How many O atoms are in 0.150 mol aspirin C 9 H 8 O 4 ?

17. 17 Solution How many O atoms are in 0.150 mol aspirin C 9 H 8 O 4 ? 0.150 mol C 9 H 8 O 4 x 4 mol O x 6.022 x 10 23 O atoms 1 mol C 9 H 8 O 4 1 mol O subscript Avogadro’s factor number = 3.61 x 10 23 O atoms