1. Green Chemistry Workshop #1: Electrochemistry I US – Thai Distance Learning Program January 13, 2010 Professor Kenneth M. Doxsee University of Oregon

2. The Distance Learning Foundation is committed to His Majesty the King’s educational policy of “Ob Rom Bom Nisai” or moral teaching and training, seeking to teach and train every child to be: Good Honorable Economically sufficient อบรมบ่มนิสัย

3. The Principles of Green Chemistry 1.Prevention 2.Atom Economy 3.Less Hazardous Synthesis 4.Designing Safer Chemicals 5.Safer Solvents and Auxiliaries 6.Design for Energy Efficiency 7. Renewable Feedstocks 8. Reduce Derivatives 9. Catalysis 10. Design for Degradation 11. Real-time Analysis 12. Inherently Safer Chemistry

4. The 11 ¥ (4 baht) Battery Premise Construct a simple battery from common household materials. Measure voltage using a voltmeter, or demonstrate by illuminating a light-emitting diode (LED). Chemical Concepts Metallic properties; comparison of reactivity of metals; oxidation/reduction chemistry; electrochemistry; thermodynamics.

5. Construction of a Single “Cell” from Copper and Aluminum (http://www.micrecol.de/microscalingOginoE.html) http://www.japaneselifestyle.com.au/travel/ kyoto_byodoin_temple.htm http://www.jupiterimages.com/Image/ royaltyFree/87767169 Anode (Al)Cathode (Cu)

6. Monitoring Voltage with a Light-Emitting Diode (LED) http://www.robotroom.com/Pumpkin/LED1.gif A typical LED circuit:

7. Notes About Light-Emitting Diodes (LED) Applying too much current can damage or destroy an LED. LED circuits usually contain a resistor to avoid damage. Too much current will not be a problem with our coin battery! An LED will illuminate only when voltage is applied in the right direction. An LED will illuminate only when sufficient voltage is applied – usually 2 volts (4 volts for white or blue).

8. A Voltaic Pile Brain, Marshall, and Charles W. Bryant. "How Batteries Work." 01 April 2000. HowStuffWorks.com: http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/battery.htm

9. Laboratory Safety Accident: An unexpected and undesirable event, especially one resulting in damage or harm.

10. LABORATORY SESSION Break for ….

11. Green Relevance of the Coin Battery Green Concepts Safer materials – compare other types of batteries, and other materials used to construct batteries in the laboratory. Alternate energy sources – use of simple scrap metals to generate electricity. Consider Green Principles – #1 (prevent waste) – #3 (use less hazardous substances) – #12 (use substances in forms that minimize hazards).

12. The Aluminum – Air Battery Premise Construct a simple battery from common household materials. Measure voltage using a voltmeter, or demonstrate by illuminating a light-emitting diode (LED). Chemical Concepts Metallic properties; comparison of reactivity of metals; oxidation/reduction chemistry; electrochemistry; thermodynamics.

13. Construction of a Single “Cell” http://simpledailyrecipes.com/wp-content/uploads/grilled- tortillas-01.jpg Aluminum foil Paper towel (wet, with NaCl) Charcoal

14. Electrochemical Reactions Anode:Al(s) + 3 OH - (aq)→Al(OH) 3 (s) + 3 e - Cathode:O 2 (g) + 2 H 2 O(l) + 4 e - →4 OH - (aq) 4 Al(s) + 3 O 2 (g) + 6 H 2 O→4 Al(OH) 3 (s)

15. A Voltaic Pile Brain, Marshall, and Charles W. Bryant. "How Batteries Work." 01 April 2000. HowStuffWorks.com: http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/battery.htm

16. LABORATORY SESSION Break for ….

17. Green Relevance of the Aluminum-Air Battery Green Concepts Safer materials – compare other types of batteries, and other materials used to construct batteries in the laboratory. Alternate energy sources – use of simple scrap metals to generate electricity. Consider Green Principles – #1 (prevent waste) – #3 (use less hazardous substances) – #12 (use substances in forms that minimize hazards).

18. Questions and Discussion

19. Preparation for the Next Workshop Oxygen content of air Syringe image: http://www.nordiccell.com/embryo-transfer/images/HSW/HSW-1-ml.jpg 0.4 mL of 0.2 M FeSO 4 1.0 mL of 2 M NaOH (1 cm piece of flexible transparent tubing)

20. Preparation for the Next Workshop CaCO 3 content of egg shells 10 mL of 3 M HCl (1-2 drops of silicone oil) 0.2 g crushed egg shell Eggshell image: http://www.faqs.org/photo-dict/photofiles/list/859/1289egg_shell.jpg Scale image: http://www.popgadget.net/images/kitchen-scale-open.jpg Mortar and pestle image: http://www.ancientlight.info/products/images_stones/LMORL.jpg

21. Syringe image: http://www.hobbysilicone.com/60ml.jpg Syringe schematic image: http://www.theodora.com/drugs/images/553.jpg Plastic caps image: http://www.sks-science.com/images/240804LRG.jpg Beaker image: http://www.chemistry.wustl.edu/~courses/genchem/Labs/Quant/images/150mlBeakers.gif Tight-fitting cap

22. สวัสดีครับ