1. Test 4 – Sample Questions
Caution: This is NOT a review. You are still responsible for going over your notes, power points, readings, and chapters.

2. Define Disease Parasite Pathogen Infection Invasiveness Virulence
Infectivity
Septicemia
Pathology
Etiology
Pathogenesis
Host
Normal Microbiota
Transient Microbiota
Symbiosis
Mutualism

3. Define Commensalism Parasitism Microbial Antagonism Opportunistic
Symptom
Sign
Syndrome
Communicable
Contagious
Noncontagious
Incidence
Prevalence
Sporadic
Endemic
Epidemic
Pandemic
Acute
Chronic

4. Define Subacute Latent Herd Immunity EID RID Local Infection
Systemic Infection
Focal Infection
Secondary Infection
Subclinical Infection
Reservoir
Zoonoses
Direct Transmission
Indirect Transmission
Fomite
Droplet Transmission
Transmission by a Medium

5. Define Airborne Transmission Vector Vehicle Biological Transmission
Mechanical Transmission
Vertical Transmission
Horizontal Transmission
Portals of Exit
Nosocomial Infection
Compromised Host
Chain of Transmission
Predisposing Factor
Incubation Period

6. Define Prodromal Period Period of Illness Period of Decline
Period of Convalescence
Epidemiology
Descriptive Epidemiology
Analytical Epidemiology
Toxins
Toxemia
Toxigenicity
Experimental Epidemiology
MMWR
Pathogenicity
Portal of Entry
Virulence
LD50
ID50
Leukocidins
Hemolysins

7. Define Exotoxins Antitoxins Cytotoxins Neurotoxins Enterotoxins
Endotoxins
Cytopathic Effects
Cytocidal Effects
Resistance
Nonsusceptibility
Nonspecific Resistance
Specific Resistance
Sebum
Leukocyte
Erythrocyte

8. Define Inflammation Vasodilation Margination Emigration Pus Stoma
Parenchyma
Fever
Interferons
Complement System
Differential WBC Count
Innate Resistance
Serology
Immunity
Antigen
Antibody
Acquired Immunity

9. Define Naturally Acquired Active Immunity
Naturally Acquired Passive Immunity
Artificially Acquired Active Immunity
Artificially Acquired Passive Immunity
Apoptosis
Antibody Titer
Humoral Immunity
Cell Mediated Immunity
T-Cell
B-Cell
IgG
IgM
IgA
IgD
IgE

10. Define Vaccine Attenuated Whole-Agent Vaccines
Inactivated Whole-Agent Vaccines
Toxoids
Subunit Vaccines
Conjugated Vaccines
Nucleic Acid Vaccines or DNA Vaccines
Precipitation Reactions
Agglutination Reactions
Neutralization Reactions
Complement Fixation
ELISA
Fluorescent-Antibody Technique

11. Is the Uterus Usually germ free. Who Was David Vetter
Is the Uterus Usually germ free? Who Was David Vetter? What was unusual about him? What disease did he have? How did he die?

12. How do different body regions compare in amounts of flora
How do different body regions compare in amounts of flora? What is the mechanism by which microbial antagonism occurs?

13. Given a situation, be able to tell what type of relationship is shown
Given a situation, be able to tell what type of relationship is shown. Example: Parasitism Know where in the body we don’t usually have microbiota. Name an opportunistic microorganism.

14. Cooperation can increase the ____ or a microorganism
Cooperation can increase the ____ or a microorganism. List Koch’s Postulates List the exceptions to Koch’s Postulates

15. Given a sign or symptom, be able to tell which it is
Given a sign or symptom, be able to tell which it is. Given a situation, be able to tell if it shows incidence or prevalence. Give an example of a latent disease.

16. What is herd immunity. Why do we strive for it. Name EIDs
What is herd immunity? Why do we strive for it? Name EIDs. What causes EIDs? Name RIDs.

17. How is a zoonosis transmitted. Name common portals of exit
How is a zoonosis transmitted? Name common portals of exit. Know the most frequent nosocomial infections for adults and infants.

18. Our body has natural defenses. What weakens their effectiveness
Our body has natural defenses. What weakens their effectiveness? Now how we can control nosocomial infections. Know predisposing factors for disease

19. Given a situation, be able to tell what type of epidemiology is shown
Given a situation, be able to tell what type of epidemiology is shown. Be able to work a risk ratio. Who was John Snow? What did he do?

20. Who is the Main Source of Epidemiological Information in the United States? What is the leading causes of Death in the United States for 1-34 year olds?

21. What is the leading cause of death in Oklahoma
What is the leading cause of death in Oklahoma? How do capsules aid a bacterium in colonizing a host? What do M-proteins do?

22. How is a fibrin clot protective. What do kinases do
How is a fibrin clot protective? What do kinases do? What is direct damage? What do we see when endotoxins are released?

23. How do viruses avoid a host immune response
How do viruses avoid a host immune response? List some cytopathic effects. Infections with Fungi, Protozoa, Helminthes, and Algae result in _______ due to _________.

24. What composes our first line of defense
What composes our first line of defense? What composes our second line of defense? Where are the best places for microbes to grow?

25. How are we protected by the skin lachrymal apparatus salivary glands mucus flow of urine sebum perspiration gastric juice in stomach

26. Where do we find lysozyme. Know the steps of phagocytosis in order
Where do we find lysozyme? Know the steps of phagocytosis in order. Know which white blood cells we see most often and least often in a normal blood smear.

27. Know when we see an increase in each type of WBC
Know when we see an increase in each type of WBC. What indicates a rising fever? How do inflammation an a fever differ? What gland controls your body temperature?

28. How should we treat a fever? What is the complement system?

29. What things affect individual resistance
What things affect individual resistance? What is a gel electrophoresis used for? Which lymphocytes produce antibodies?

30. Which type of immunity protects us against extracellular pathogens
Which type of immunity protects us against extracellular pathogens? Which type of immunity protects us against intracellular pathogens?

31. Name some childhood vaccinations.

32. Name a free federal program to give vaccinations to children
Name a free federal program to give vaccinations to children. What type of vaccine will provide lifelong immunity. What is used to inactivate the organism in an Inactivated Whole-Agent Vaccine?

33. What type of vaccine requires boosters. Name one
What type of vaccine requires boosters. Name one. What type of vaccine is the majority of our flu vaccines? Describe a Dream Vaccine.

34. Diagnostic Immunology is a series of tests designed to check for interactions between________