1. General Comments about the Microbial World Supplemental instruction Designed by Pyeongsug Kim ©2010 sibio@att.netsibio@att.net Picture from http://blogs.newamericamedia.org/photo-of-the-day/294/vaccinehttp://blogs.newamericamedia.org/photo-of-the-day/294/vaccine Fall 2010 For Dr. Wright’s Bio 7/27 Class Updated: August 7, 2010

2. Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010 www.science-i.comwww.science-i.com Microbes are too small to see… Picture from http://www.dreamstime.com/stock-photo-germs-under-the-microscope-image3131800 http://www.babble.com/CS/blogs/strollerderby/archive/2008/04/28/cdc-flu-plus- infection-killing-kids.aspxhttp://www.dreamstime.com/stock-photo-germs-under-the-microscope-image3131800http://www.babble.com/CS/blogs/strollerderby/archive/2008/04/28/cdc-flu-plus- infection-killing-kids.aspx sometimes makes us sick. Some are nasty!

3. Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010 www.science-i.comwww.science-i.com Some are useful! Some are delicious! Picture from http://www.jgi.doe.gov/News/news_10_17_06.html http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-468890/Are-vaccines-waste-time.html http://www.westone.wa.gov.au/k- 12lrcd/learning_areas/bio_science/bio1B/content/001_ecosystems/page_02.htmhttp://www.jgi.doe.gov/News/news_10_17_06.htmlhttp://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-468890/Are-vaccines-waste-time.htmlhttp://www.westone.wa.gov.au/k- 12lrcd/learning_areas/bio_science/bio1B/content/001_ecosystems/page_02.htm We cannot live without them!

4. Electron microscopes Development of light microscopes -Important tools for studying microbes. -allowing for observation of microorganisms. -contributed to the study of microbiology. Microscopy -Microscopy : made it possible to visualize microbes and subcellular structures. Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010 www.science-i.comwww.science-i.com Light microscopes

5. Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010 www.science-i.comwww.science-i.com Pure culture techniques - grow an organism in an isolated laboratory environment. -To identify and study the function of a particular species. Picture from http://diverge.hunter.cuny.edu/~weigang/Lecture-syllabus.htmlhttp://diverge.hunter.cuny.edu/~weigang/Lecture-syllabus.html

6. Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010 www.science-i.comwww.science-i.com Picture from http://blogs.newamericamedia.org/photo-of-the-day/294/vaccine http://www.cleveland.com/darcy/index.ssf/2009/10/obama_gets_vaccine_shot_editor.htmlhttp://blogs.newamericamedia.org/photo-of-the-day/294/vaccinehttp://www.cleveland.com/darcy/index.ssf/2009/10/obama_gets_vaccine_shot_editor.html Development of vaccine -Protection from disease by stimulating the immune system with a harmless version of a pathogenic organism. -began with smallpox

7. Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010 www.science-i.comwww.science-i.comAntimicrobials -Chemicals that can inhibit the growth of microbes or kill microbes. -Chemotherapeutic agents that are effective in treating to treat microbial infections. -Antibiotics antimicrobial chemicals naturally produced by particular microorganisms. -Penicillin from fungi Picture from http://www.inspectapedia.com/sickhouse/MicroscopicMold.htm http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Penicillin_cures_gonorrhea.jpghttp://www.inspectapedia.com/sickhouse/MicroscopicMold.htmhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Penicillin_cures_gonorrhea.jpg

8. Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010 www.science-i.comwww.science-i.comPlasmids Picture from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmid http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_conjugation http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/green-science/color-coded- bacteria1.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_conjugationhttp://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/green-science/color-coded- bacteria1.htm -DNA molecule that is separate from chromosomal DNA. -transferable genetic elements from one to another organism. Conjugation  Conjugation -Most found in bacteria. -contributed to the ability to produce genetically engineered organisms.

9. Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010 www.science-i.comwww.science-i.com Nutrient cycling “Life on earth as we know it would not exist without the activity of microbes.” microbes -Chemicals like nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P) and sulfur(S) are chemically modified in the environment by microbes.  all living things need N, P, & S. Picture from http://jrussey.atspace.com/Class_4/ecosystems/Ecosystem_Cycles.htmhttp://jrussey.atspace.com/Class_4/ecosystems/Ecosystem_Cycles.htm