1. 简单句 并列句 复合句 并列复合句

2. 一、 简单句： 1 “ 主语 + 谓语 ” Day broke. 天亮了。 Things change. 事物是变化的。 2 “ 主语 + 连系动词 + 表语 ” He and I are pretty good swimmers. The doctors seemed very capable. 3 “ 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 ” She heard the noise. Robbin didn’t deny the facts.

3. 4 “ 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语 （双宾语） ” He tell her a strange story. We gave the baby a bath. Judith paid me a visit. 5 “ 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 ” I wanted her to go with me. She heard him coming up the stairs slowly. We call him Peter. I wanted him to attend the meeting to be held in the hall tomorrow. 分析：

4. 二、并列句 ，（ “ 简单句 + 并列连词 + 简单句 ” ， 其中 并列连词有： and, but, then, or 等。） They were happy and they would like to share their happiness with other people. Honey is sweet, but the bee stings ( 叮 ). Hurry, or you will not catch the train. I had a drink, then I went home.

5. 三、复合句：由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构 成。主句是全句的主体，往往可以独立存在；而从句 是全句是一个句子成分，虽然有主语和谓语部分，却 不能独立存在，并且需要由一个关联词引导。 关联词有： who, whom, whose, which, what, that, how, when, where, if, whether, unless 等。 1 主语从句 That they were true sisters was clear to us. What she did is not yet known. How this happened is not clear to anyone. It is strange that he had made a mistake.

6. 2. 表语从句 The problem is who we can get to replace her. The question is how he did it. That was what she did this morning. 3 宾语从句 He told us that he felt ill. I know he has returned. I simply don’t believe that he ever said such a thing. Your success will largely depend on what you do and how you do it. 介词的宾语

7. He made it clear that he preferred to study English. You may rely on it that I shall help you. I hate it when people talk with their mouths full. ---------it 做形式宾语。 * 直接引语 和 间接引语 He said, “ I am learning English.” He said (that)he was learning English. The teacher said, “John, you must bring your book to the class.” The teacher told John that he must bring his book to the class.

8. He said to us, “Are you going away today?” He asked us if / whether we were going away that day. “Is he your brother?” She asked if he was my brother. “Who will help me finish the job?” she asked. She asked who would help her finish the job. “When will he come?” she asked. She asked when he would come.

9. I said to her, “Please give me a glass of water.” I asked her to give me a glass of water. 4. 同位语从句 They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick. Where did you get the idea that I could not come? “There is a real danger that Oxford will not retain its position,” said Dr Brian Smith. “ 现在牛津大学有保不住它的世界地位的实际危 险， ” 布莱恩 · 史密斯博士说。

10. 5 状语从句 （包括时间状语从句、地点状语从句、 原因状语从句、结果状语从句、程度状语从句、目 的状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、方式 状语从句等九种。） 1) 时间状语从句，引导词有： as, since, when, while, as soon as, the moment, immediately, until, once, 等。 When he was eating his breakfast, he heard the door bell ring. As soon as I went in, Katherine cried out with pleasure. I didn’t wait moment, but came immediately you called. While (he was ) flying over the channel, the pilot( 飞行 员 ) saw the UFO.

11. Water turns into air when (it is) heated. 2) 地点状语从句， 由 where, wherever, anywhere 等 引导。 Complete your work as soon as (it is) possible. Corn grows best where the ground is rich. You are able to go wherever you like. He would live with his grandmother anywhere she lived. 不管他祖母住哪，他都愿和她住一块儿。 Put the book back where it was. There must is a city where there is a big river.

12. 3) 原因状语从句， 由 because, since, as, for 等来引导。 Because they make more money than I do, they think they’re so superior( 高人一等 ). As all the seats were full he stood up. Since changes in salinity and temperature affect water’s density, the water in the ocean is always moving. Since you are going, I will go too. It must have rained last night for it is wet on the ground today.

13. Not knowing where to go, they went to ask the police for help. ( 现在分词做状语，相当于状语从 句）： Because they didn’t know where to go, they went to ask the police for help. 4 ）结果状语从句， 由 so that, such that 等引导。 She sat behind me so that I could not see the expression on her face.

14. 5) 程度状语从句， 由 so (that), such that, to the degree that 等引导。 Her heart beat so that she could hardly breathe. His courage is such that he does not know the meaning of fear. The damage was such that it would cost too much money to repair.

15. 6) 目的状语从句，由 so, so that, in order that 等引 导。 He drew a plan of the village so that she could find his house easily. I lent him 500 yuan in order that he might go for a holiday. Take your umbrella in case it rains. ( 以防下雨 ) He took an umbrella with him for fear it might rain. ( 以防下雨 )

16. 7 ）条件状语从句 分真实条件句和非真实条件句；真实条件表现实的 或可能实现的条件，非真实条件表非现实的或不可 能实现的条件，通常用虚拟语气。 If the weather is fine tomorrow, we shall go to the country. ( 真实条件 ) If I were a film star, I would play in Shakespear’s works. ( 非真实条件，虚拟语气 ) If I had worked harder, I would have passed the exam. ( 非真实条件，虚拟语气 ) Don’t speak unless you are asked to. He won’t finish his work in time unless he works hard.

17. You may use the room as long as you clean it afterward. ( 只要你用完后弄干净就行 )

18. 8 ）让步状语从句 表 “ 虽然 ” 、 “ 尽管 ” 、 “ 即使 ” 等概念， 关联词有 though, although, if, even if, even though, when, while, whereas, in spite of 等。 Though it was only nine o’clock, there were few people in the streets. Although you are a little older than I, you belong to the same generation. He went out in spite of the fact that he had a bad cold / in spite of the cold.

19. Don’t change your plans whatever / no matter what happens. However busy / no matter how busy he is, he will find time to help us. The dog follows me wherever / no matter where I go. Old as I am, I can still fight. Try as you may, you will never succeed. Fool as he looks, he always seems to make the wisest proposals. Tired though he was, he still kept on working.

20. 6 定语从句 The student who answered the question was John. The man who I saw is called Smith. A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan. Is he the man that sells eggs? Where is the book which I bought this morning? This is the book for which you asked. That’s the same man that asked for help the day before yesterday.